In recent years, the concept of energy conservation has gradually become popular; as one of the important areas of energy conservation, building energy conservation has become an important part of China's energy conservation strategy. Building energy efficiency reflected on the wall is to keep the wall enclosure warm. In the existing wall insulation type, the external wall external insulation system has become the mainstream of wall insulation forms with its numerous advantages. The system adopts a reliable connection method to firmly connect the external insulation with the base layer, which has the advantages of eliminating cold bridges, good waterproof performance, protecting the structure, increasing the indoor area, stabilizing the internal environment, and reducing the heating cost. It is worth promoting. Adopted construction process.
In 2004, the Qiqihar Railway Engineering School did the renovation of the exterior insulation of the house in the teaching building and dormitory building. The construction practice of building a new student apartment building in 2006 had a more mature grasp of this technology and a solution to the current situation. This process has been used to increase the thermal insulation performance of exterior insulation and finishes of existing buildings and existing buildings. The treatment of the moist frost on the wall has received very good results and is economical and practical.
1 Selection of structures and main materials for external wall insulation 1.1 Construction The basic structure of exterior wall insulation consists of five layers: namely: base layer, adhesive layer, insulation layer, protective layer and decorative layer.
Base layer: It can be reinforced concrete wall, hollow concrete block wall, ordinary clay brick wall or clay porous brick wall.
Adhesive layer: cement mortar layer, which is usually configured according to the requirements of the construction process, consists of cement, sand, rubber, and water, and is a combination layer of the base layer and the thermal insulation material. Cement should be selected ordinary Portland cement cement materials and polystyrene board before the application of compatibility experiments, the requirements of polystyrene board degradation thickness of less than 1mm. Foot insulation and strength requirements, the general choice of bulk density 18kg ~ 20kg/m3, thermal conductivity For heavy materials with a value of 0.0318W/mk and a compressive strength of more than 100kPa, the bulk density of 12 to 15kg/m3 is common on the market, and the heat-conducting system is 0.044W/mk EPS board.
Protective layer: It is a composite layer of cement mortar and grid cloth (one cloth, two pastes, reinforced structure is two cloths and three pastes), and has high elasticity, water retention, waterproofness, and high strength, among which cement mortar and bonding The same layer mortar, mesh cloth for the special alkali-resistant glass fiber inserts.
Finishing layer: Generally, acrylic decorative paints with high elasticity are used, and coatings that are only chemically decomposed on the EPS board are not determined. They must be determined experimentally.
1.2 Selection of main materials The thermal index of polyphenylene plates and common thermal insulation materials used in thermal insulation layer comparison is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Comparison of thermal index between polystyrene plates and common thermal insulation materials Material name Thermal conductivity VW〃m1* K1 polystyrene board reinforced concrete mineral wool mortar stone slab heavy mortar hollow brick body According to the data in Table 1, the thermal conductivity of polystyrene board is the smallest, compared with the thermal conductivity coefficient of the hollow block used in the thermal insulation and load-bearing combined structure. It is much smaller, that is, under a certain temperature difference, there is less heat through a certain thickness of the material layer, and likewise, the thickness of the material layer required for controlling a certain heat flow intensity is also small.
Of course, the factors affecting the thermal conductivity of materials include compactness, the size, quantity, shape of internal pores, the temperature of materials, the chemical properties of the material and the temperature of the skeleton, and so on. The most significant of these factors at room temperature is the unit volume. Weight and working temperature.
Building insulation energy-saving for the northern region, according to the relevant test, polystyrene board insulation has a certain effect.
2) The design requires the height of the layer) to ensure the straightness and closeness of the paste surface.
The walls from the outdoor floor surface to the 2.4 meter height range should be reinforced. The specific practice is to add a layer of reinforcement mesh (two cloths and three pulps) under the standard mesh cloth, and The standard mesh is folded at the end of the package, and other areas with special requirements for impact resistance must also be treated in a reinforced structure.
When the grid cloth is connected, strengthen the grid fabrics to deal with, not overlap, and the standard grid fabrics need to overlap, and the overlap length should be greater than or equal to 65mm. The color of the exterior paint of the building should be combined with local climatic conditions In general, dark color should not be used in order to reduce the sun-radiation to ensure the air permeability of the wall. The inner surface of the wall should not be made of gas-impermeable decorative materials.
For the selection of the thickness of the insulation layer, it is necessary to meet the requirements of the summer insulation and the winter insulation. According to Table 4.2.1 of the “Civil Building Energy Efficiency Design Standards (Heating Building Part)†(JGJ26-95), the limits of the heat transfer coefficient of the external walls of heating buildings in different regions are determined. Through thermal calculation, the use of polyphenylene The required thickness of the board when making thermal insulation materials and the provisions of Article 5.1.1 of the Civil Building Thermal Design Specification (GB50176*93).
3 Construction Methods and Quality Control Points 3.1 Preparation of Construction Procedure Materials and Construction Tools ※ Basic Leveling ※ Erasures for Adhesive Lines Glue for Adhesive Bonding Polyboard Sanding and Leveling ※ Decorations Installation ※ Smearing Paste Laying Lattice Cloth Reinforcement Layer smearing surface mortar - ※ laying grid standard layer leveling repair ※ coating surface coating paint coating surface coating inspection acceptance.
3.2 Construction conditions When the construction and acceptance of the exterior wall and exterior door windows are completed, the ambient temperature of the construction site and the surface temperature of the base wall shall not be less than 4 and wind strength shall not be greater than 5, and construction may be carried out without rain. Before construction, attention should be paid to the inspection of the grass-roots structure, review of the performance indicators of the materials, handing over to the operator's site, and preparing tools and safety guards.
3.3 Primary treatment The primary wall of the new construction must be disposed of cleanly, with the protrusions on the surface removed, and the places where the flatness is exceedingly large shall be filled with mortar; the absorption of heat emission shall be carried out by Aeadejal Eleetranie on the existing buildings. The outer wall net skin exposes the surface of the base wall and is repaired and leveled with mortar; for the concrete wall surface, it is better to brush the interface agent again to prevent the occurrence of quality defects such as loose paste and empty drum.
3.4 Configuring Adhesive Glue Ordinary portland cement is proportioned (special Witt is 1:1), stir well with a stirrer, add appropriate amount of water and mix well, and let it stand for 5 minutes. Note that the well-mixed adhesive should be used within one hour.
3.5 Paste The products of the poly-stab leave factory, generally use the standard size 1200mmX600mm, also can customize according to the modulus of the building, in order to reduce the principle of cutting the amount of cut. Cutting non-standard polystyrene boards requires a hot wire cutter or knife.
There are two methods for sticking: First, the sticking method, that is, using a stainless steel trowel, apply a glue paste with a width of 50 mm and a thickness of 6-10 mm on the edges of the board, and evenly dot the center of the board according to the size of the board. Each point The size of the diameter of 100mm center distance 200mm; the second is sticking method, that is coated with adhesive on the board surface, and then use a special tool to scrape off the excess glue to form a 10mm wide center distance of 50mm adhesive tape. No matter what method you use, you must do: wrong stitching, splicing to the seams, sticking softly, and evenly squeezing to ensure smoothness of the board surface and flatness inspection within 2mm. After the stick is stuck, it needs to stand for 24 hours before being polished. Note that since the adhesive contains water-retaining ingredients, no watering is required after the adhesive is applied. This also reminds us to pay attention to the protection of the rainy, sticky plastic sheet and the freshly-prepared finish, while avoiding the need to stick the surface of the sheet to wet it with water to ensure that the strength of the paste is not Weakened.
3.6 Laying the grid cloth Apply a screed of 2mm thick on the surface of the polystyrene board with a stainless steel trowel, and then immediately press the grid cloth into the mortar. After the grid cloth is slightly hardened, immediately apply it. The second screed sizing was to place the grid cloth in two mortars. Be careful not to wipe off repeatedly, because the glue can be hardened faster, resulting in the more the more uneven, affecting the flatness of the decorative surface. Special attention should be paid to the reinforcement of the laying of the grid cloth, which is an important work to ensure the strength of the weak parts and improve the quality of the entire decoration.
3.7 The practice of decorative parts When a decorative part protrudes from the wall, a layer of sizing glue should be applied on the surface of the decorative part and the corresponding polyphenyl board, and a grid cloth should be placed on the surface of the decorative part; when the decorative line is recessed into the wall When facing, use the slotter to cut out the concave lines, then lay the grid cloth, and use the prior 3.8 brushing surface coating to use the roller brush to start from the upper part of the wall and apply the top coating layer from top to bottom according to the thickness of the coating. Coverage or design requirements. Adhesive-coated finishes generally have good adhesion to the paint and can be applied according to the construction points of the paint finishes, but care must be taken to protect the finished parts of the decorative parts and finishes and to avoid contact with construction equipment. Pollution.
4 Development and superiority of external insulation technology in the outside world As China's residential buildings are dominated by brick-concrete structure or reinforced concrete frame structure, the structure is heavy and heat capacity is large. Under the condition of external insulation of external walls, the thermal stability of the building is good. Therefore, the house is warm in winter and cool in summer, comfortable in living and conducive to improving the people's life; the external wall insulation technology is relatively mature, and its application in practice is also very effective. At present, in addition to the use in new construction, the insulation of existing houses is improved. It is also being increasingly valued and applied. As an energy-saving measure, it is both practical and efficient and easy to use. Summarize its advantages: As the whole building is enclosed by the EPS board, it can avoid building thermal bridges and avoid condensation in winter; reduce the intrusion of external cold and humid gas, stabilize the indoor thermal environment, and have obvious energy-saving effects.
Strong weather resistance. The cement mortar only has strong elasticity and does not crack on the surface, which can effectively prevent water and water vapor intrusion from damaging the structure.
Can protect the main structure, reduce the temperature stress, increase the structure life.
The insulation layer does not occupy the construction area and does not affect the interior decoration.
In the case of energy-saving renovation of existing houses, it will not interfere with the life of the original occupants, which is also very suitable for the transformation of old houses.
5 Concluding remarks With the in-depth implementation of the national energy conservation policy and people's constant improvement of the indoor thermal environment and comfort requirements, the external thermal insulation technology has been widely considered to be one of the most effective building measures. At the same time, it is also to improve the atmospheric environment and bring into play. A powerful tool for investment efficiency. Adopting the necessary energy-saving measures can greatly reduce the energy consumption for building heating and air conditioning, enabling modern people to obtain a comfortable living environment on the premise of more economical and reduced energy consumption.
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