Status and Development of Sports Security
With the development of China’s national economy and national sports undertakings, the national sports quality has been greatly improved, and more and more international and comprehensive sports events have also been held successively in several major cities in China. Experienced from the Beijing Asian Games in the 1990s to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in the 21st century, the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games and the 2011 Shenzhen Universiade, the economic levels of the host cities have experienced rapid growth. Urban economic development is backed by sports. New materials, new equipment, and new technologies are gradually being applied to the construction and renovation of new stadiums. They are well prepared for undertaking larger, higher-level sports events. The mutual promotion of economic development and sports causes mutual promotion and has formed a good and upward development cycle system for the development of urban economy.
Of course, the success of the sports event can not be separated from the support of strong security forces. As a specific intelligent building or intelligent building complex, stadiums and gymnasiums have special characteristics such as large space and high density of personnel. Therefore, they put forward higher security systems. The request. The stadium's technical requirements for security systems are gradually shifting from simple passive defenses to intelligent active defenses.
If the use of new materials, new equipment and new technologies will affect the overall level of a sports event, the security system and the security work will directly affect the success of the sports event. Therefore, the importance of the security system is self-evident. The video surveillance system is an important part of the security protection technology for stadiums and gymnasiums. Its effective existence has fully enhanced the effectiveness of security personnel in the management of security work.
Stadium monitoring status
The stadium's security system is a complete and powerful system of civil defense and technical prevention. Through the construction of a security and prevention technology system (technical defense), in line with the requirements for the safety and management of individual buildings, the security management system for the stadiums and gymnasiums (human defense) is implemented to achieve a close integration of air defense and technical prevention.
The video surveillance system is an important part of the stadium safety and security technology system (technical defense), and a complete, reliable, intelligent, and easy-to-operate video surveillance system is built to make it an organic whole to the entire stadium. Monitoring and management, access to the stadium safety and security technology system, and intelligent management of stadiums and gymnasiums are the goals to be achieved in establishing video surveillance systems. The video surveillance system is not only one of the important guarantee systems that guarantee the normal function of the stadium, but also one of the important security systems that will be dealt with in the first place once an emergency situation arises.
Because of the limitations of system technology and architecture, the video surveillance system of stadiums built earlier was mainly based on analog system architecture. The main products involved were analog surveillance cameras, analog matrix and hard disk video recorders. Video surveillance management scope is dominated by single building management. For stadiums of medium-sized stadiums or small and medium-sized single buildings, due to the restrictions on construction investment, there are still many market demands for the simple and simple simulation system architecture for video surveillance.
With the development of video surveillance technology and the construction of urban comprehensive stadiums, the video surveillance system derives a semi-networked system architecture consisting of analog cameras and codecs as the main products from the analog architecture. Its main feature is to convert front-end camera analog signals into digital, networked signals for transmission to the management center and back to analog signals for video wall display. Its characteristic is to discard the point-to-point transmission mode in the analog architecture, simplify the system transmission architecture, and use the structured integrated wiring system to carry out system signal transmission. However, from the system cost, the investment in codec equipment and network equipment has increased, and the investment cost of the system has been increased. The result of the increase in investment costs is that the monitor display effect of the monitor is basically the same as that of the analog architecture system, but the real-time transmission performance is slightly inferior to the analog monitor.
In order to meet the continuous development of the security protection technology for stadiums and gymnasiums, the effectiveness of video surveillance for the monitoring and management of sports venues is enhanced. More and more high-definition and intelligent video surveillance technologies are used in the construction and renovation of technical defense in large stadiums.
How to achieve high-definition and intelligent video surveillance? The previously mentioned analog video surveillance systems with semi-networked architectures obviously cannot meet the needs of stadiums for high-definition and intelligent surveillance.
With the development of video surveillance technology, digital HD video cameras based on network HD cameras and SDI interfaces have become very mature. In addition to the high-definition monitoring, the purely digital video surveillance system consisting of networked and digital cameras, the original digital signal output from the camera also avoids the video signal attenuation caused by the codec process in the semi-networked architecture. The transmission quality of the video signal. At the same time, with the digitization and networking of video surveillance systems, the application of intelligent analysis has also become simpler.
High-definition, smart technology in the stadium monitoring application of high-definition monitoring applications
The stadium's video surveillance is generally located in the stadium perimeter, outdoor parking, entrances and exits of stadiums, inspection halls, main stadiums and stands, warm-up training grounds, front stairs rooms, elevator halls, elevator cars, and important engine rooms.
In most outdoor locations such as perimeters and outdoor parking areas, it is generally recommended to use SD or D1 resolution fixed or dome camera products. In the indoor key venues, such as the examination hall, stadium entrances, competition venues, etc. as athletes, guests, important personnel and spectators access channels and personnel gathering area, the continuation of high-definition (megapixel) resolution camera products to achieve high-definition video monitor. Covers a wider range and clearer features of people and activities through HD camera surveillance. This is not only for the definition of the camera, the real-time image control requirements, but also for the video transmission, storage, display equipment, technical requirements are relatively high.
From the technical point of view of video surveillance, to achieve a true sense of high-definition monitoring, to meet the "seeing" monitoring needs, it must be in the video capture, encoding, transmission, real-time preview, video storage and playback. Combining the above system architecture with the actual conditions of the stadiums, the monitoring system can be clearly divided into front-end subsystems, transmission subsystems, storage subsystems, and display and control.
1, front-end subsystem high-definition technology choice
The front-end subsystem mainly involves the camera products in the surveillance system. According to the development of monitoring technologies, the current camera achieves high-definition resolution. According to the different types of output signals, there are mainly two technologies: digital high-definition, and network high-definition.
Digital HD:
The camera products are mainly digital signal output, and the interface is generally SDI or optical fiber interface, and the lossless video code stream reaches 1500 Mbps. Because the lossless video stream is too large and the hard disk size is relatively small, it is not suitable for direct storage at present. It requires a digital high-definition hard disk recorder with dual operating systems to be encoded by H.264 (MPEG4-part10) and then stored locally. After 2 million pixels are encoded, the code stream is generally 8Mbps.
The transmission of digital high-definition monitoring system is mainly based on point-to-point transmission, which is generally applicable to digital high-definition network reconstruction of analog systems. That is, without changing the original transmission line, only the front-end camera and the back-end storage device can be replaced to achieve high-definition monitoring. After the high-definition video is encoded and networked by the DVR, the monitoring center can be centralized and unified. A two-level management model for partition management and centralized management, partitioned storage, and centralized storage.
Network HD:
Network HD, as the name implies, is the transmission of high-definition video signals over networks or Ethernet transmissions. In the video surveillance systems of stadiums, star-architecture Ethernet networks are often used to achieve transmission of high-definition network video signals. The transmission distance varies according to the selected line, from 100 meters to several tens of kilometers. Compared with the previous analog and digital methods, the transmission cost is relatively low, and the performance is stable. It is currently the most widely used in high-definition monitoring systems. A cost-effective transmission method of its camera products to network high-definition signal output, the interface is RJ45 interface or fiber optic interface, video output format is high-definition H.264 (MPEG4-part10) format, management center storage device supports high-definition network video storage, The main form of equipment is network-based hard disk recorders (NVRs) and disk arrays (IPSANs). Decoding and display devices support high-definition video decoding output and display.
The high-quality 2 million HD codestream is generally about 8Mbps. Network camera deployment is relatively simple, an Ethernet cable can complete the video transmission, PTZ control, power supply equipment (both camera and switch support PoE). The device has a high degree of integration. With the latest DSP chip processing technology, high-definition encoding, intelligent analysis and other functions can be performed on a single camera, which can reduce the investment of back-end servers and decentralize system failure points.
The transmission of the network HD system can utilize the star transmission structure of the computer network. Compared with the point-to-point transmission mode of the digital high-definition system, the link is simple, and it is applicable to the newly built stadium high-definition monitoring system.
2, HD transmission mode selection
At present, high-definition video signals include analog, digital, and network transmission. The first two methods are used to transmit lossless, uncompressed analog and digital HD signals.
Analog HD signal transmission generally uses YPbPr component transmission. All HD video signals need three coaxial cables to transmit at the same time. The cable usage is very large. Although the transmission distance of the component can be extended by a third-party device, since the analog signal is transmitted, the signal is damaged after being transmitted over a long distance. Therefore, YPbPr component transmission is not suitable for HD monitoring.
Digital HD signal transmission generally uses DVI, HDMI or HD-SDI transmission, in which DVI or HDMI transmission distance is only a few meters, is not suitable for monitoring transmission, HD-SDI can transmit about 100 meters, but the requirements for coaxial cable is very High, the price of the cable is also very expensive, so it can only be deterred from the large-scale application in the system.
The network high-definition signal transmission, as the name suggests, is the transmission of high-definition video signals over the network transmission network, often using the star-structured Ethernet network to achieve high-definition network video signal transmission. The transmission distance varies according to the selected line, from 100 meters to several tens of kilometers. Compared with the previous analog and digital methods, the transmission cost is relatively low, and the performance is stable. It is currently the most widely used in high-definition monitoring systems. A cost-effective transmission method.
Currently, Ethernet bandwidth can already achieve 100/1000 Mbps to the desktop (terminal device) and core single-port 10 Gigabit bandwidth. Therefore, the local area network in the stadium can fully assume the high-definition signal transmission of any large-scale network high-definition monitoring system.
For the wide area network, due to bandwidth limitations, there are restrictions on the transmission of high-definition video over the WAN, and strengthening the wide-area network bandwidth construction is an important way to solve HD transmission and network bandwidth problems. In addition, for the problem of reoccupied bandwidth when multiple users access the same video source, the use of technologies such as streaming media forwarding and multicast can reduce the bandwidth reoccupation in such cases.
3, storage mode selection
High-definition, networked video surveillance systems generally use IP SAN (iSCSI), NVR, and other storage methods to store massive amounts of video data. Large-scale, multi-stadium sports buildings and buildings are relatively decentralized. For system management, centralized management must be implemented on the one hand, and stable local management on the other. Here, it is recommended to use the NVR mode of storage. In the NVR storage mode, the NVR storage device used has its own dual operating system and supports localized management to ensure the stability of storage functions and system operation (see Table 1 for the comparison of IPSAN and NVR storage technologies).
4, high-definition display options
HD effects must be displayed using excellent display devices. The back-end display devices generally include CRT, LCD, and PDP. The high-definition display effect must use large-scale, high-definition resolution display to show, and now use the high-definition display, the basic use of stitching large screen. At present, DLP is the most mature in the splicing screen, but the LCD splicing wall is also gradually occupying the market. From the point of view of clarity, the LCD can fully meet the usage requirements of 1080P. In addition, there are new display technologies (such as OLED high-definition screens) that have placed high-definition indicators on the most important position, and all types of display screens have also made the 16:9 widescreen a standard specification for high-definition products.
In the interface, high-definition digital interface has become the standard for LCD splicing screen, common DVI, HDMI, HD-SDI and other interfaces are widely used in different models and manufacturers of display devices. Different interfaces have their own advantages. For example, the DVI interface uses a digital format for transmission entirely, which ensures the integrity of the information transmitted from the video source to the display terminal, allowing faster transmission speeds and sharper images. Another example is the HDMI interface, to avoid the DVI interface area is too large, can not transmit audio and other shortcomings, although the HDMI maximum transmission speed is less than DVI (DVI up to 8Gbps, HDMI is 5Gbps, the highest quality HDTV signal transmission requires 2Gbps), but its support Eight-channel or mono digital audio transmission eliminates the need for separate audio cables. At the same time, the length of its connection line can reach more than 20 meters (the DVI line will affect the picture quality more than 8 meters). Compared with the DVI interface, HDMI not only has higher bandwidth and higher resolution, but also integrates video transmission and audio transmission, greatly simplifying the connection of cables.
Smart Analytics Application
In the construction of video surveillance systems, stadiums have basically established the “all-dimensional, three-dimensional†construction goals, especially in the deployment of intelligent monitoring systems, which put forward the requirements for comprehensive monitoring, including the integration and application of a variety of the latest intelligent video technology. Intelligent video analysis mainly includes two categories: one is intelligent behavior analysis based on background modeling technology; the other is intelligent feature recognition based on feature recognition technology (as shown in Figure 2). The principle of intelligent behavior analysis is mainly the following: the detection, tracking, and classification technologies of moving objects are adopted for video streams, and the image recognition algorithms such as background modeling, foreground object segmentation, tracking, and classification are used to complete the image data. The transition to event parameters enables real-time intelligent detection of various emergencies. Intelligent feature recognition is a feature that requires a target object by establishing a feature recognition without a background model, so the machine will have a database that can be used to describe these features. The feature recognition is to look for similar features in the resulting image. The degree of objects to match, if the more characteristics of the special library described, the more accurate the results obtained, and the greater the amount of calculations required.
The application of smart analysis of stadiums mainly includes the following points.
Illegal intrusion personnel automatically detect and alarm. In order to prevent people from entering the stadium without permission and appearing missed tickets and fare evasion, it is necessary to carry out video intelligent analysis of the perimeter of the library area to detect perimeter intrusion behavior; when it is detected that there is a target invading stadium perimeter, Alarm, and drive the ball machine for automatic tracking, for evidence of intruder targets;
Automatic detection of abnormal events. Intelligent analysis of video in important areas of the museum to detect a variety of abnormal events, including detection of defects, items taken, items placed, graffiti, illegal parking and other abnormal events;
Self-testing of equipment operating status. In order to ensure the normal operation of the stadium video surveillance system, the system needs to support the camera abnormal state detection function to detect a variety of abnormal conditions of the camera, including video line disconnection, camera destruction and camera movement;
Fast forensics afterwards. In order to quickly locate and collect evidence after an anomaly event occurs, the system needs to have a post-event retrieval function that can perform rapid event retrieval for any video in the system and locate the time point of an abnormal event in time;
Traffic statistics. Sports venues hold various types of events and performances when the traffic is the highest. On the one hand, high-density traffic brings huge business opportunities to merchants; on the other hand, intensive passenger flow also increases security and service management difficulties. Therefore, if we can grasp the correct traffic data, we can help us make the right decision.
Traffic statistics are indispensable data for stadium management and decision making. For the relevant functional departments, getting relatively accurate statistics on traffic statistics can guide reasonable security measures and service measures. At the same time, they can also more effectively allocate public resources, improve the utilization of public resources, and better serve the public. .
Conclusion
As high-end applications mature, more and more stadium video surveillance will change from “seeing†to “seeing clearlyâ€. High-definition and smart technologies will be the mainstream of video surveillance systems in stadiums. Application Technology. At the same time, the supporting intelligent retrieval and cloud storage technology application will also greatly increase the efficiency of information acquisition, reduce the work intensity of management personnel obtaining value information from massive data, and improve the intelligent management level of security.
With the development of video surveillance technology and 3D modeling technology, intelligent analysis technology, sensing technology and other related technologies. The stadium's video surveillance system will be a 3D map as a display carrier, with a video surveillance screen as the main display content, highlighting all kinds of personnel activity information in the stadium, and having a 3D live view system for active defense and reminding of abnormal situations. . The fusion, analysis, utilization, and presentation of 3D map technology, sensing technology, and data and image display technologies will be the technical difficulties in the post- 3D era of the entire video surveillance system.
With the development of China’s national economy and national sports undertakings, the national sports quality has been greatly improved, and more and more international and comprehensive sports events have also been held successively in several major cities in China. Experienced from the Beijing Asian Games in the 1990s to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games in the 21st century, the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games and the 2011 Shenzhen Universiade, the economic levels of the host cities have experienced rapid growth. Urban economic development is backed by sports. New materials, new equipment, and new technologies are gradually being applied to the construction and renovation of new stadiums. They are well prepared for undertaking larger, higher-level sports events. The mutual promotion of economic development and sports causes mutual promotion and has formed a good and upward development cycle system for the development of urban economy.
Of course, the success of the sports event can not be separated from the support of strong security forces. As a specific intelligent building or intelligent building complex, stadiums and gymnasiums have special characteristics such as large space and high density of personnel. Therefore, they put forward higher security systems. The request. The stadium's technical requirements for security systems are gradually shifting from simple passive defenses to intelligent active defenses.
If the use of new materials, new equipment and new technologies will affect the overall level of a sports event, the security system and the security work will directly affect the success of the sports event. Therefore, the importance of the security system is self-evident. The video surveillance system is an important part of the security protection technology for stadiums and gymnasiums. Its effective existence has fully enhanced the effectiveness of security personnel in the management of security work.
Stadium monitoring status
The stadium's security system is a complete and powerful system of civil defense and technical prevention. Through the construction of a security and prevention technology system (technical defense), in line with the requirements for the safety and management of individual buildings, the security management system for the stadiums and gymnasiums (human defense) is implemented to achieve a close integration of air defense and technical prevention.
The video surveillance system is an important part of the stadium safety and security technology system (technical defense), and a complete, reliable, intelligent, and easy-to-operate video surveillance system is built to make it an organic whole to the entire stadium. Monitoring and management, access to the stadium safety and security technology system, and intelligent management of stadiums and gymnasiums are the goals to be achieved in establishing video surveillance systems. The video surveillance system is not only one of the important guarantee systems that guarantee the normal function of the stadium, but also one of the important security systems that will be dealt with in the first place once an emergency situation arises.
Because of the limitations of system technology and architecture, the video surveillance system of stadiums built earlier was mainly based on analog system architecture. The main products involved were analog surveillance cameras, analog matrix and hard disk video recorders. Video surveillance management scope is dominated by single building management. For stadiums of medium-sized stadiums or small and medium-sized single buildings, due to the restrictions on construction investment, there are still many market demands for the simple and simple simulation system architecture for video surveillance.
With the development of video surveillance technology and the construction of urban comprehensive stadiums, the video surveillance system derives a semi-networked system architecture consisting of analog cameras and codecs as the main products from the analog architecture. Its main feature is to convert front-end camera analog signals into digital, networked signals for transmission to the management center and back to analog signals for video wall display. Its characteristic is to discard the point-to-point transmission mode in the analog architecture, simplify the system transmission architecture, and use the structured integrated wiring system to carry out system signal transmission. However, from the system cost, the investment in codec equipment and network equipment has increased, and the investment cost of the system has been increased. The result of the increase in investment costs is that the monitor display effect of the monitor is basically the same as that of the analog architecture system, but the real-time transmission performance is slightly inferior to the analog monitor.
In order to meet the continuous development of the security protection technology for stadiums and gymnasiums, the effectiveness of video surveillance for the monitoring and management of sports venues is enhanced. More and more high-definition and intelligent video surveillance technologies are used in the construction and renovation of technical defense in large stadiums.
How to achieve high-definition and intelligent video surveillance? The previously mentioned analog video surveillance systems with semi-networked architectures obviously cannot meet the needs of stadiums for high-definition and intelligent surveillance.
With the development of video surveillance technology, digital HD video cameras based on network HD cameras and SDI interfaces have become very mature. In addition to the high-definition monitoring, the purely digital video surveillance system consisting of networked and digital cameras, the original digital signal output from the camera also avoids the video signal attenuation caused by the codec process in the semi-networked architecture. The transmission quality of the video signal. At the same time, with the digitization and networking of video surveillance systems, the application of intelligent analysis has also become simpler.
High-definition, smart technology in the stadium monitoring application of high-definition monitoring applications
The stadium's video surveillance is generally located in the stadium perimeter, outdoor parking, entrances and exits of stadiums, inspection halls, main stadiums and stands, warm-up training grounds, front stairs rooms, elevator halls, elevator cars, and important engine rooms.
In most outdoor locations such as perimeters and outdoor parking areas, it is generally recommended to use SD or D1 resolution fixed or dome camera products. In the indoor key venues, such as the examination hall, stadium entrances, competition venues, etc. as athletes, guests, important personnel and spectators access channels and personnel gathering area, the continuation of high-definition (megapixel) resolution camera products to achieve high-definition video monitor. Covers a wider range and clearer features of people and activities through HD camera surveillance. This is not only for the definition of the camera, the real-time image control requirements, but also for the video transmission, storage, display equipment, technical requirements are relatively high.
From the technical point of view of video surveillance, to achieve a true sense of high-definition monitoring, to meet the "seeing" monitoring needs, it must be in the video capture, encoding, transmission, real-time preview, video storage and playback. Combining the above system architecture with the actual conditions of the stadiums, the monitoring system can be clearly divided into front-end subsystems, transmission subsystems, storage subsystems, and display and control.
1, front-end subsystem high-definition technology choice
The front-end subsystem mainly involves the camera products in the surveillance system. According to the development of monitoring technologies, the current camera achieves high-definition resolution. According to the different types of output signals, there are mainly two technologies: digital high-definition, and network high-definition.
Digital HD:
The camera products are mainly digital signal output, and the interface is generally SDI or optical fiber interface, and the lossless video code stream reaches 1500 Mbps. Because the lossless video stream is too large and the hard disk size is relatively small, it is not suitable for direct storage at present. It requires a digital high-definition hard disk recorder with dual operating systems to be encoded by H.264 (MPEG4-part10) and then stored locally. After 2 million pixels are encoded, the code stream is generally 8Mbps.
The transmission of digital high-definition monitoring system is mainly based on point-to-point transmission, which is generally applicable to digital high-definition network reconstruction of analog systems. That is, without changing the original transmission line, only the front-end camera and the back-end storage device can be replaced to achieve high-definition monitoring. After the high-definition video is encoded and networked by the DVR, the monitoring center can be centralized and unified. A two-level management model for partition management and centralized management, partitioned storage, and centralized storage.
Network HD:
Network HD, as the name implies, is the transmission of high-definition video signals over networks or Ethernet transmissions. In the video surveillance systems of stadiums, star-architecture Ethernet networks are often used to achieve transmission of high-definition network video signals. The transmission distance varies according to the selected line, from 100 meters to several tens of kilometers. Compared with the previous analog and digital methods, the transmission cost is relatively low, and the performance is stable. It is currently the most widely used in high-definition monitoring systems. A cost-effective transmission method of its camera products to network high-definition signal output, the interface is RJ45 interface or fiber optic interface, video output format is high-definition H.264 (MPEG4-part10) format, management center storage device supports high-definition network video storage, The main form of equipment is network-based hard disk recorders (NVRs) and disk arrays (IPSANs). Decoding and display devices support high-definition video decoding output and display.
The high-quality 2 million HD codestream is generally about 8Mbps. Network camera deployment is relatively simple, an Ethernet cable can complete the video transmission, PTZ control, power supply equipment (both camera and switch support PoE). The device has a high degree of integration. With the latest DSP chip processing technology, high-definition encoding, intelligent analysis and other functions can be performed on a single camera, which can reduce the investment of back-end servers and decentralize system failure points.
The transmission of the network HD system can utilize the star transmission structure of the computer network. Compared with the point-to-point transmission mode of the digital high-definition system, the link is simple, and it is applicable to the newly built stadium high-definition monitoring system.
2, HD transmission mode selection
At present, high-definition video signals include analog, digital, and network transmission. The first two methods are used to transmit lossless, uncompressed analog and digital HD signals.
Analog HD signal transmission generally uses YPbPr component transmission. All HD video signals need three coaxial cables to transmit at the same time. The cable usage is very large. Although the transmission distance of the component can be extended by a third-party device, since the analog signal is transmitted, the signal is damaged after being transmitted over a long distance. Therefore, YPbPr component transmission is not suitable for HD monitoring.
Digital HD signal transmission generally uses DVI, HDMI or HD-SDI transmission, in which DVI or HDMI transmission distance is only a few meters, is not suitable for monitoring transmission, HD-SDI can transmit about 100 meters, but the requirements for coaxial cable is very High, the price of the cable is also very expensive, so it can only be deterred from the large-scale application in the system.
The network high-definition signal transmission, as the name suggests, is the transmission of high-definition video signals over the network transmission network, often using the star-structured Ethernet network to achieve high-definition network video signal transmission. The transmission distance varies according to the selected line, from 100 meters to several tens of kilometers. Compared with the previous analog and digital methods, the transmission cost is relatively low, and the performance is stable. It is currently the most widely used in high-definition monitoring systems. A cost-effective transmission method.
Currently, Ethernet bandwidth can already achieve 100/1000 Mbps to the desktop (terminal device) and core single-port 10 Gigabit bandwidth. Therefore, the local area network in the stadium can fully assume the high-definition signal transmission of any large-scale network high-definition monitoring system.
For the wide area network, due to bandwidth limitations, there are restrictions on the transmission of high-definition video over the WAN, and strengthening the wide-area network bandwidth construction is an important way to solve HD transmission and network bandwidth problems. In addition, for the problem of reoccupied bandwidth when multiple users access the same video source, the use of technologies such as streaming media forwarding and multicast can reduce the bandwidth reoccupation in such cases.
3, storage mode selection
High-definition, networked video surveillance systems generally use IP SAN (iSCSI), NVR, and other storage methods to store massive amounts of video data. Large-scale, multi-stadium sports buildings and buildings are relatively decentralized. For system management, centralized management must be implemented on the one hand, and stable local management on the other. Here, it is recommended to use the NVR mode of storage. In the NVR storage mode, the NVR storage device used has its own dual operating system and supports localized management to ensure the stability of storage functions and system operation (see Table 1 for the comparison of IPSAN and NVR storage technologies).
4, high-definition display options
HD effects must be displayed using excellent display devices. The back-end display devices generally include CRT, LCD, and PDP. The high-definition display effect must use large-scale, high-definition resolution display to show, and now use the high-definition display, the basic use of stitching large screen. At present, DLP is the most mature in the splicing screen, but the LCD splicing wall is also gradually occupying the market. From the point of view of clarity, the LCD can fully meet the usage requirements of 1080P. In addition, there are new display technologies (such as OLED high-definition screens) that have placed high-definition indicators on the most important position, and all types of display screens have also made the 16:9 widescreen a standard specification for high-definition products.
In the interface, high-definition digital interface has become the standard for LCD splicing screen, common DVI, HDMI, HD-SDI and other interfaces are widely used in different models and manufacturers of display devices. Different interfaces have their own advantages. For example, the DVI interface uses a digital format for transmission entirely, which ensures the integrity of the information transmitted from the video source to the display terminal, allowing faster transmission speeds and sharper images. Another example is the HDMI interface, to avoid the DVI interface area is too large, can not transmit audio and other shortcomings, although the HDMI maximum transmission speed is less than DVI (DVI up to 8Gbps, HDMI is 5Gbps, the highest quality HDTV signal transmission requires 2Gbps), but its support Eight-channel or mono digital audio transmission eliminates the need for separate audio cables. At the same time, the length of its connection line can reach more than 20 meters (the DVI line will affect the picture quality more than 8 meters). Compared with the DVI interface, HDMI not only has higher bandwidth and higher resolution, but also integrates video transmission and audio transmission, greatly simplifying the connection of cables.
Smart Analytics Application
In the construction of video surveillance systems, stadiums have basically established the “all-dimensional, three-dimensional†construction goals, especially in the deployment of intelligent monitoring systems, which put forward the requirements for comprehensive monitoring, including the integration and application of a variety of the latest intelligent video technology. Intelligent video analysis mainly includes two categories: one is intelligent behavior analysis based on background modeling technology; the other is intelligent feature recognition based on feature recognition technology (as shown in Figure 2). The principle of intelligent behavior analysis is mainly the following: the detection, tracking, and classification technologies of moving objects are adopted for video streams, and the image recognition algorithms such as background modeling, foreground object segmentation, tracking, and classification are used to complete the image data. The transition to event parameters enables real-time intelligent detection of various emergencies. Intelligent feature recognition is a feature that requires a target object by establishing a feature recognition without a background model, so the machine will have a database that can be used to describe these features. The feature recognition is to look for similar features in the resulting image. The degree of objects to match, if the more characteristics of the special library described, the more accurate the results obtained, and the greater the amount of calculations required.
The application of smart analysis of stadiums mainly includes the following points.
Illegal intrusion personnel automatically detect and alarm. In order to prevent people from entering the stadium without permission and appearing missed tickets and fare evasion, it is necessary to carry out video intelligent analysis of the perimeter of the library area to detect perimeter intrusion behavior; when it is detected that there is a target invading stadium perimeter, Alarm, and drive the ball machine for automatic tracking, for evidence of intruder targets;
Automatic detection of abnormal events. Intelligent analysis of video in important areas of the museum to detect a variety of abnormal events, including detection of defects, items taken, items placed, graffiti, illegal parking and other abnormal events;
Self-testing of equipment operating status. In order to ensure the normal operation of the stadium video surveillance system, the system needs to support the camera abnormal state detection function to detect a variety of abnormal conditions of the camera, including video line disconnection, camera destruction and camera movement;
Fast forensics afterwards. In order to quickly locate and collect evidence after an anomaly event occurs, the system needs to have a post-event retrieval function that can perform rapid event retrieval for any video in the system and locate the time point of an abnormal event in time;
Traffic statistics. Sports venues hold various types of events and performances when the traffic is the highest. On the one hand, high-density traffic brings huge business opportunities to merchants; on the other hand, intensive passenger flow also increases security and service management difficulties. Therefore, if we can grasp the correct traffic data, we can help us make the right decision.
Traffic statistics are indispensable data for stadium management and decision making. For the relevant functional departments, getting relatively accurate statistics on traffic statistics can guide reasonable security measures and service measures. At the same time, they can also more effectively allocate public resources, improve the utilization of public resources, and better serve the public. .
Conclusion
As high-end applications mature, more and more stadium video surveillance will change from “seeing†to “seeing clearlyâ€. High-definition and smart technologies will be the mainstream of video surveillance systems in stadiums. Application Technology. At the same time, the supporting intelligent retrieval and cloud storage technology application will also greatly increase the efficiency of information acquisition, reduce the work intensity of management personnel obtaining value information from massive data, and improve the intelligent management level of security.
With the development of video surveillance technology and 3D modeling technology, intelligent analysis technology, sensing technology and other related technologies. The stadium's video surveillance system will be a 3D map as a display carrier, with a video surveillance screen as the main display content, highlighting all kinds of personnel activity information in the stadium, and having a 3D live view system for active defense and reminding of abnormal situations. . The fusion, analysis, utilization, and presentation of 3D map technology, sensing technology, and data and image display technologies will be the technical difficulties in the post- 3D era of the entire video surveillance system.
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