Accompanied by the rapid economic growth in our country, the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, resources and environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. In order to promote the transformation of China's economic development mode and accelerate the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, the state is bound to introduce a series of policy measures to increase the intensity of resource-intensive industries to eliminate backward production capacity, strengthen energy-saving and emission reduction, and resource taxes. Reform is considered one of the important measures. The "Circular of the State Council Approved Development and Reform Commission's Comments on the Key Work of Deepening Economic System Reform in 2010" pointed out that it is necessary to deepen the reform of resource product prices and fiscal and taxation systems, continue to improve the mechanism for the formation of refined oil prices, introduce a resource tax reform plan, and gradually promote real estate development. Tax reform to study the introduction of environmental taxes. It can be seen that the resource tax reform will become the focus of China's fiscal and taxation system reform in the next five years. In an interview on January 24, Minister of Finance Xie Xuren made it clear that the finance department will speed up reform of the fiscal and taxation system. Among them, the resource tax reform will be fully implemented in the next five years. As an iron and steel industry that consumes a large amount of energy and resources, it should give full attention and attach great importance to the reform of resource tax.
The resource tax is essentially a kind of tax that is levied for the purpose of protecting and promoting the rational development and utilization of state-owned natural resources, and appropriately regulating the income from differential resources. At present, the scope of China’s resource tax collection mainly includes petroleum, coal, natural gas, metal minerals, non-metallic minerals and salt, etc. The method of measurement is mainly based on quantitative measurement. However, the purpose of measuring this tax model by volume is to reflect the use of resources by enterprises, that is, enterprises with more resources for exploitation pay more taxes, thus incentivizing enterprises to increase resource extraction efficiency. However, the biggest limitation of this tax collection arrangement is that it does not consider the waste in the production process and the cost of damage to the environment, nor does it reflect the changes in resource prices, and it is not conducive to the regulation of taxation on social distribution.
The main contents of this resource tax reform include expanding the coverage of resource taxes, raising the resource tax rate and improving the resource tax collection method. First, the scope of the resource tax should be further expanded, and Chinese and foreign taxpayers developing and using taxable natural resources should be uniformly taxed. The content of the resource tax covers not only natural resources, but also the energy derived from the development of natural resources. The scope of taxation will involve oil, coal, natural gas, minerals, salt, land, forests, grasslands, beaches, geothermal, water, electricity and other energy sources and resources. Second, gradually increase the tax level of resource taxes. In combination with the price adjustment of resource products and the reform of the charging system, we will promptly abolish inappropriate tax reductions and exemptions, increase the resource tax rate, and regulate the resource revenues of resources mining companies. Finally, improve resource taxation methods. Reform of "quantitative quota" taxation is taxed for "ad valorem". The method of quantity collection not only fails to reflect price fluctuations, but also leads to unreasonable distribution of resource income. The method of ad valorem collection can effectively change this situation and achieve a balance between private and social costs.
In May 2010, the central government and the State Council held a work conference in Xinjiang and proposed to take the lead in resource tax reform in Xinjiang. The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the “Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Reform of Xinjiang Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resources Taxes†on June 1, 2010, which opened the prelude to China’s resource tax reform. The notice stipulates that the crude oil and natural gas resource tax shall be subject to ad valorem and the tax rate shall be 5%. According to relevant reports, taking Xinjiang as an example, according to the previous resource tax rate, the crude oil resource tax in Xinjiang was 30 yuan/t, the natural gas resource tax was 9 yuan per 1,000 cubic meters, and the crude oil production in 2009 was 25.18 million tons. The international crude oil price is calculated at 5,000 yuan/t, and after the resource tax is changed from "quantity-based assessment" to "ad valorem," only crude oil resources can increase the resource tax by 5.5 billion yuan, as crude oil prices rise and output. With the continuous increase, it is expected that in the next two to three years, Xinjiang's annual oil and natural gas resource tax will reach about 10 billion yuan, while Xinjiang's local fiscal revenue in 2009 is only 38.88 billion yuan. Since the resource tax is a kind of tax that is fully enjoyed by the local government, the tax will be conducive to the development of resource-rich regions and will facilitate the spread of resource taxes throughout the country, at least in the western provinces.
The impact of resource tax reform on the steel industry is mainly reflected in the following two aspects:
On the one hand, it is reflected in the effective suppression of the excessive growth of steel and high-energy-consuming industries, which is conducive to the transformation of the iron and steel industry from an extensive economic development mode that depends on resources and energy consumption to an intensive economic development mode that depends on scientific and technological progress. The development model of “input, high energy consumption, high pollution, and low efficiency†has shifted to the “sustainable, low-consumption, low-emission, high-efficiency†sustainable development model. At present, China's iron and steel industry has the phenomenon of multiple levels and coexistence in terms of technical equipment, environmental protection, etc., and there are a number of backward production capacities in which technical and economic indicators are operating. This part of the production unit has high energy consumption, serious pollution, and it is in urgent need of elimination. In addition, the task of energy conservation and emission reduction in our country is still arduous, and our government is facing increasing pressure for emission reduction at the international level. In November 2009, the Chinese government made a commitment to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 2020 by 40% to 45% on the basis of 2005. The iron and steel industry, which accounts for about 15% of the total energy consumption in the country, is the key area for energy saving and emission reduction in China. It is urgent to improve the energy and resource efficiency of the steel industry and change the development mode of the steel industry. The degree has played a role in pushing the mechanism.
On the other hand, the reform of the resource tax system will bring operating pressure to coal, iron ore and other resource producers, and increase their operating costs. For steel companies with large resources and energy consumption, profits will also be affected due to rising production costs. extrusion. Because according to the ad valorem, its resource tax may be much higher than the original charge. According to the research report of the Ministry of Finance's Institute of Finance, after the resource tax is changed to the fixed rate of expropriation, the specific tax rate should be 5% to 15% of the sales price. For the coal industry, if the resource tax is levied on ad valorem, the cost of coal mining will increase, which will inevitably shift the increase in cost to the price of coke. The coke is an indispensable raw material for steel production, and it occupies a large proportion in the cost of raw materials. Another example is iron ore, if the country does not give preferential policies to the metallurgical and mining industries, the cost of iron ore mining will undoubtedly increase, and this increase in costs is bound to be passed on to domestic ore prices, so that the domestic ore in the competition with the import mine Declining competitiveness in China will also add to the already severe supply of iron ore, which will in turn reduce the profits of steel companies. Therefore, the resource tax is a "double-edged sword." It is suggested that the state should fully consider the actual affordability of enterprises when promoting the resource tax reform.
The rise in the price of upstream raw materials will inevitably increase the manufacturing costs of steel products. If the increase in costs cannot be passed on to downstream users, the steel companies are likely to be trapped in operating difficulties. At present, the profit margin of iron and steel enterprises is very thin. According to statistics from the China Iron and Steel Association, the sales profit margins of major national large and medium-sized steel companies in 2010 were only 2.91%, which was lower than the average profitability of China's industrial sector. In this low-profit situation, steel companies must increase technological transformation, increase the efficiency of resource and energy utilization, and increase their adaptability.
The resource tax is essentially a kind of tax that is levied for the purpose of protecting and promoting the rational development and utilization of state-owned natural resources, and appropriately regulating the income from differential resources. At present, the scope of China’s resource tax collection mainly includes petroleum, coal, natural gas, metal minerals, non-metallic minerals and salt, etc. The method of measurement is mainly based on quantitative measurement. However, the purpose of measuring this tax model by volume is to reflect the use of resources by enterprises, that is, enterprises with more resources for exploitation pay more taxes, thus incentivizing enterprises to increase resource extraction efficiency. However, the biggest limitation of this tax collection arrangement is that it does not consider the waste in the production process and the cost of damage to the environment, nor does it reflect the changes in resource prices, and it is not conducive to the regulation of taxation on social distribution.
The main contents of this resource tax reform include expanding the coverage of resource taxes, raising the resource tax rate and improving the resource tax collection method. First, the scope of the resource tax should be further expanded, and Chinese and foreign taxpayers developing and using taxable natural resources should be uniformly taxed. The content of the resource tax covers not only natural resources, but also the energy derived from the development of natural resources. The scope of taxation will involve oil, coal, natural gas, minerals, salt, land, forests, grasslands, beaches, geothermal, water, electricity and other energy sources and resources. Second, gradually increase the tax level of resource taxes. In combination with the price adjustment of resource products and the reform of the charging system, we will promptly abolish inappropriate tax reductions and exemptions, increase the resource tax rate, and regulate the resource revenues of resources mining companies. Finally, improve resource taxation methods. Reform of "quantitative quota" taxation is taxed for "ad valorem". The method of quantity collection not only fails to reflect price fluctuations, but also leads to unreasonable distribution of resource income. The method of ad valorem collection can effectively change this situation and achieve a balance between private and social costs.
In May 2010, the central government and the State Council held a work conference in Xinjiang and proposed to take the lead in resource tax reform in Xinjiang. The Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation issued the “Provisions on Several Issues Concerning the Reform of Xinjiang Crude Oil and Natural Gas Resources Taxes†on June 1, 2010, which opened the prelude to China’s resource tax reform. The notice stipulates that the crude oil and natural gas resource tax shall be subject to ad valorem and the tax rate shall be 5%. According to relevant reports, taking Xinjiang as an example, according to the previous resource tax rate, the crude oil resource tax in Xinjiang was 30 yuan/t, the natural gas resource tax was 9 yuan per 1,000 cubic meters, and the crude oil production in 2009 was 25.18 million tons. The international crude oil price is calculated at 5,000 yuan/t, and after the resource tax is changed from "quantity-based assessment" to "ad valorem," only crude oil resources can increase the resource tax by 5.5 billion yuan, as crude oil prices rise and output. With the continuous increase, it is expected that in the next two to three years, Xinjiang's annual oil and natural gas resource tax will reach about 10 billion yuan, while Xinjiang's local fiscal revenue in 2009 is only 38.88 billion yuan. Since the resource tax is a kind of tax that is fully enjoyed by the local government, the tax will be conducive to the development of resource-rich regions and will facilitate the spread of resource taxes throughout the country, at least in the western provinces.
The impact of resource tax reform on the steel industry is mainly reflected in the following two aspects:
On the one hand, it is reflected in the effective suppression of the excessive growth of steel and high-energy-consuming industries, which is conducive to the transformation of the iron and steel industry from an extensive economic development mode that depends on resources and energy consumption to an intensive economic development mode that depends on scientific and technological progress. The development model of “input, high energy consumption, high pollution, and low efficiency†has shifted to the “sustainable, low-consumption, low-emission, high-efficiency†sustainable development model. At present, China's iron and steel industry has the phenomenon of multiple levels and coexistence in terms of technical equipment, environmental protection, etc., and there are a number of backward production capacities in which technical and economic indicators are operating. This part of the production unit has high energy consumption, serious pollution, and it is in urgent need of elimination. In addition, the task of energy conservation and emission reduction in our country is still arduous, and our government is facing increasing pressure for emission reduction at the international level. In November 2009, the Chinese government made a commitment to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 2020 by 40% to 45% on the basis of 2005. The iron and steel industry, which accounts for about 15% of the total energy consumption in the country, is the key area for energy saving and emission reduction in China. It is urgent to improve the energy and resource efficiency of the steel industry and change the development mode of the steel industry. The degree has played a role in pushing the mechanism.
On the other hand, the reform of the resource tax system will bring operating pressure to coal, iron ore and other resource producers, and increase their operating costs. For steel companies with large resources and energy consumption, profits will also be affected due to rising production costs. extrusion. Because according to the ad valorem, its resource tax may be much higher than the original charge. According to the research report of the Ministry of Finance's Institute of Finance, after the resource tax is changed to the fixed rate of expropriation, the specific tax rate should be 5% to 15% of the sales price. For the coal industry, if the resource tax is levied on ad valorem, the cost of coal mining will increase, which will inevitably shift the increase in cost to the price of coke. The coke is an indispensable raw material for steel production, and it occupies a large proportion in the cost of raw materials. Another example is iron ore, if the country does not give preferential policies to the metallurgical and mining industries, the cost of iron ore mining will undoubtedly increase, and this increase in costs is bound to be passed on to domestic ore prices, so that the domestic ore in the competition with the import mine Declining competitiveness in China will also add to the already severe supply of iron ore, which will in turn reduce the profits of steel companies. Therefore, the resource tax is a "double-edged sword." It is suggested that the state should fully consider the actual affordability of enterprises when promoting the resource tax reform.
The rise in the price of upstream raw materials will inevitably increase the manufacturing costs of steel products. If the increase in costs cannot be passed on to downstream users, the steel companies are likely to be trapped in operating difficulties. At present, the profit margin of iron and steel enterprises is very thin. According to statistics from the China Iron and Steel Association, the sales profit margins of major national large and medium-sized steel companies in 2010 were only 2.91%, which was lower than the average profitability of China's industrial sector. In this low-profit situation, steel companies must increase technological transformation, increase the efficiency of resource and energy utilization, and increase their adaptability.
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