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Hydrogen energy is an ideal energy source that is clean, efficient, and renewable. Electrolysis of hydrogen from water is an important means to achieve industrial and cheap hydrogen production. Electrolyzed water contains two half-reactions: hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution. The difficulty in kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction becomes the bottleneck of hydrogen production from electrolysis. Current commercial oxygen evolution catalysts are mainly precious metals such as IrO2 and RuO2. Their high prices and rare reserves have restricted the development of this process. The search for inexpensive and abundant non-precious metal catalysts has become a hot topic in recent years.
Recently, Deng Dehui, Associate Researcher of the State Key Laboratory of Catalysis of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Bao Xinhe, the academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led the research team to study the catalysis of carbon nanomaterials in a long-term manner, using the channels of SBA-15 to metal nanoparticles. The limited range effect of size, through the chemical vapor deposition method successfully achieved uniform monolayer graphene shell encapsulated 3d transition metal and its alloy nanoparticles, the activity and stability of the obtained single-layer graphene encapsulated iron-nickel alloy catalyst Both are better than commercial IrO2 catalysts. The relevant results are published in the form of communication on Energy & Environmental Science (Energy Environ. Sci., 2016, DOI: 10.1039/C5EE03316K).
Theoretical calculations and experimental studies show that the monolayer graphene shell greatly promotes the transfer of electrons from metal to graphene, which effectively modulates the electronic structure of graphene and stimulates the chemical and catalytic activity of the graphene carbon layer. At the same time, due to the protection of the metal nanoparticles by the graphene shell, corrosion of the metal in harsh environments such as strong alkalis is effectively avoided. The concept of “electron penetration†that catalyzes this process was first proposed by the research team in 2013 (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 371). The relevant principles have been widely recognized by international counterparts, and internationally Research groups have started to follow up on research and have been described as catalysts for chainmail for catalyst.
In recent years, the research team has continued to make new progress in this area. It has experimentally and theoretically discovered and verified the "electron penetration" capability of graphene "shell armor" for non-precious metals, and the cathode of acidic proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Oxygen reduction activity (J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 14868) and the effect of acid electrolysis water hydrogen evolution reaction activity (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 2100); this type of catalyst is proposed to be acidic The reaction mechanism of catalytic hydrogen evolution in water under conditions (Energy Environ. Sci. 2014, 7, 1919); in cooperation with others, it was discovered that this type of catalyst is used as a counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells and shows superiority to noble metal Pt. The I3-reducing activity (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 7023); The use of Soft X-ray imaging technology to directly observe the modulation of the electronic structure of the surface of the carbon layer by the active metal, and combined with theoretical calculations to elucidate the metal - The nature of carbon interactions (Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 3262) gradually formed a more complete concept.
The above research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Nano Pilot of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Energy Materials Chemistry (2011·iChEM) of the Ministry of Education.
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