Feed accounts for 60% to 70% of the cost of dairy farming. How to produce more milk with the same feed is a problem for dairy farmers around the world. The “feed conversion rate†indicator directly reflects the feed cost of dairy cows through dry matter intake, directly reflects the return of dairy cows through standard milk, and promotes feed conversion rate in dairy farming practices and even scientific research. The index of comprehensive breeding efficiency of dairy cows has important theoretical and practical significance.
Feed conversion rate
Dairy cow feed conversion is usually expressed as 3.5% creamer corrected milk produced per kilogram of dry matter intake. Its calculation formula is:
Feed conversion rate (%) = 3.5% milk fat corrected milk volume (kg / day. head) ÷ dry matter intake (kg / day. head)
3.5% milk fat corrected milk volume (kg / day. head) = 0.432 × milk production (kg / day. head) × milk fat production (kg / day. head)
In the actual operation of the dairy farm, the dry matter intake of each cow's feed can be easily obtained through the diet formula and the actual feed amount and feed surplus of the daily feed; the milk yield of each cow can be passed through the milk. The weight of the milk in the tank is obtained; the raw milk ingredients can be obtained through the raw milk return receipts sold to the dairy company; in some large-scale pastures, the milk yield and milk content of each cow can be automatically controlled by the milking machine. Display, record. In China's current dairy farming hardware and software facilities, dairy farms can calculate the feed conversion rate by themselves.
Why pay attention to feed conversion rate?
In the two dairy farms A and B with the same cows in the same cows, if the milk is the same as the 3.5% milk fat per cow per day, the feed price is the same, and the feed conversion ratio of B cattle farm is A. The cattle farm only increased by 0.07 percentage points, then the B cattle farm is equivalent to saving 91,150 yuan a year. In turn, the B cattle farm will make a profit of 91,150 yuan. At the same time, due to the low dry matter intake of the cows in the B cattle unit, the amount of excreted feces is relatively small, and it plays an important role in controlling the discharge of manure from the pasture.
How to improve the feed conversion rate of dairy cows
1. Purchase cows of excellent varieties and strengthen the genetic improvement of dairy cows. The genetic quality of animals determines the distribution of nutrients in maintenance, lactation and other metabolic functions, and therefore has an important impact on feed conversion ratio. Studies have shown that genetic selection can significantly improve feed utilization. Moreover, the genetic control of the remaining amount of cows. When selecting cows, it is recommended to select high-yielding, low-weight cows when considering the cow's condition, because they have a higher feed conversion ratio.
2. Optimize the diet formula and increase the digestibility of the diet. Studies have shown that there is a significant strong correlation between feed conversion ratio and dietary digestibility. In order to improve the digestibility of the diet, factors such as roughage quality, feed ingredients, nutrient composition, production levels, feed intake, and grain size of the diet should be considered when formulating the diet. The study concluded that the neutral detergent fiber content in the diet should be no less than 30%, and more than 75% of the neutral detergent fiber is provided by the roughage; the non-fibrous carbohydrate content in the diet is between 35% and 42%. The starch content is between 20% and 30%, and the dietary sugar is between 4% and 8%. The dietary protein meets the needs of rumen microbes and metabolic proteins. At the same time, the addition of feed additives such as rumen buffer to the diet can also improve the feed conversion rate to a certain extent. In production practice, special attention should be paid to the TMR-stirred diet and the actual diet of the cows, which is as consistent as possible with the formula formulated by the formulator.
3. Strengthen feeding management and avoid stress factors that increase the animal body's maintenance needs. Such as heat stress, cold stress, excessive exercise, animal diseases, foot and hoof disease, etc., because the mobilization of more dietary nutrition for non-productive functions, the feed conversion rate is correspondingly reduced. Studies have shown that cows are at a temperature of 39 ° C, and the feed conversion rate of dairy cows is reduced by 0.1 units relative to the ambient temperature of 30 ° C. Therefore, in daily production management, hot days should pay attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling, increase the fan, spray and other facilities in the barn; in the winter, keep the cows in the relatively dry conditions, keep warm; in the design of the cattle farm, pay attention to the milking hall The distance between the barn and the playground, and the barn of the lactating cows should be arranged around the milking parlour.
There are many other factors that influence the feed conversion rate of dairy cows, such as the way the diet is fed – the separate feeding or TMR feeding, and the breeding management of the herd. In short, in the practice of dairy cattle breeding, feed conversion rate has become an important indicator to measure the efficiency of dairy farms. Under the condition of ensuring high yield of dairy cows, improving the feed conversion rate of dairy cows and correspondingly reducing the discharge of manure, it also plays an important role in environmental protection.
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