Abstract In order to achieve a major breakthrough in the key components and high-end products of robots in China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Robot Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)". "Planning" proposes to adhere to the "market owner...
In order to achieve a major breakthrough in the key components and high-end products of robots in China, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Finance jointly issued the "Robot Industry Development Plan (2016-2020)". The "Planning" proposes to adhere to the principle of "market-led, innovation-driven, strengthening the foundation, and quality first" to realize the "two breakthroughs" and "three enhancements" of China's robot industry, that is, to achieve major breakthroughs in key components and high-end products of robots. To achieve a significant increase in robot quality reliability, market share and competitiveness of leading companies. At the same time, the "Planning" also clarified the overall goal of the five-year industrial development: the formation of a relatively complete robotic industry system. The technological innovation capability and international competitiveness have been significantly enhanced. The product performance and quality have reached the international level, and major breakthroughs have been made in key components, basically meeting market demand.
From the national top-level design to the local planning, as well as the industrial roadmap, in recent years, China has successively issued a series of support policies for the robot industry and formed a complete policy system. At the same time, the robotics industry has also risen to a national strategy.
Blowout in support of national policy dividend, the potential blowout of the robotics industry appears. In recent years, China's robot market has huge demand, many robot companies, large scale production, and market share is gradually rising.
According to the 2014 World Robot Statistics Report released by the World Robot Federation, it is estimated that the total number of robots used in production in China will increase from 162,000 to 428,000 in 2017, while the estimated total in North America is 292,000. The five largest economies in Europe are estimated to be 343,000, and China will become the world's first largest consumer of industrial robots.
In the view of Wang Tao, a researcher at the Institute of Excellence in Finance, China's robot industry chain has basically taken shape, and key components have been built from scratch, enabling independent production. “The rectangular coordinates of the robot product structure, SCARA, joint type, and parallel robots are all available. Automobiles and electronics are the industries most used by robots, and they are rapidly expanding to other industries.â€
Wang Tao said that from the three core components to various types of ontology, system integration in various industries, as well as talent training, services and other post-markets, China's robot industry chain has been initially improved, and Huichuan technology (servo drive), Shenyang New Song (AGV), welding and welding (automotive welding and assembly), which has certain competitive advantages in specific fields.
According to public information, the share of domestic robotics has increased from 11% in 2013 to 15% in 2015. From the product structure, in the first half of 2015, domestic multi-joint robot sales ranked second. Compared with the year-on-year growth of 91%; according to the evaluation of the Japan Robot Association, China's domestic multi-joint robots have reached 70% of Japan's level.
According to GGII data, in 2015, the sales volume of industrial robots in China was 65,200 units, a year-on-year increase of 23.7%.
Core components are still "bottlenecks"
Despite the promotion of national policies, China's robot industry has developed rapidly. However, in the face of fast-growing market demand, China's robot industry has a flaw of “big but not strongâ€.
Luo Gaozhan, general manager of Shenzhen Siglo Investment Development Co., Ltd., said that the hollow core of robots, the low-end application, and the marginalization of the mainstream market are typical portrayals of the domestic robot industry.
According to incomplete statistics, as of the end of 2014, there were more than 70 listed companies in China that merged or invested in robotics and intelligent automation projects, and more than 4,000 companies related to robots in China.
However, it is disappointing that at present, China's robotics companies are mainly concentrated in the low-end, low-tech, mostly three-axis and four-axis robots; and high-end core technologies such as reducers, servo motors and controllers are mostly direct Purchasing foreign products.
"There are many manufacturers engaged in robot key components, ontology development and system integration, but there are shortcomings in profitability, high-end market share, and market recognition of key components. The competitiveness of domestic robots is low." Luo Gaozhan said .
According to the statistics of the OFweek Industry Research Center, in the first half of 2015, more than 80% of the vendor's ontology business grew year-on-year, but the profitability was not satisfactory. The loss of the robotic ontology business was as high as 70%.
"Some local governments pay too much attention to the construction of industrial parks, and the estimation of technology accumulation, research and development capabilities, and marketization is insufficient, and the phenomenon of repetitive investment is serious." Wang Tao said.
According to incomplete statistics, as of November 2015, there are more than 30 robotic industrial parks under construction and built in China, with a planned annual output value of more than 400 billion yuan.
“The scale of the company is small and scattered, and the growth of quantity is greater than the growth of quality and lack of core competitiveness.†Wang Tao said.
According to data released by the International Robot Association (IFR), in 2014, 70% of the world's industrial robots were sold to China, Japan, the United States, South Korea and Germany. Among them, the sales volume of industrial robots in the Chinese market reached 57,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 56%. , accounting for about a quarter of global sales. The sales volume of local robot manufacturers in China was 16,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 78%; the sales volume of foreign robot manufacturers was 41,000 units, a year-on-year increase of 49%.
Luo Gaozhan said that high-end robot research and development requires a lot of capital and time investment, and the risk is high, leading manufacturers to get together in the low-end market and have no core competitiveness.
Competitiveness is full of challenges Although the incentives for the development of China's robot industry are frequent, its industry is also expanding rapidly. However, the current development of the robot industry also has shortcomings lacking high-end core technologies.
Wang Tao said frankly that the domestic foundation in the field of machinery manufacturing is weaker than that of developed countries, and the development started late. The high-end technology and market value monopoly of foreign excellent enterprises makes domestic enterprises only gradually leap from the low-end to the high-end.
"At present, the biggest shortcoming of domestic enterprises is the core technology lacking independent intellectual property rights. The breakthrough and accumulation of technology requires a long process." Wang Tao said, however, at present, there are already some core technologies of enterprises, universities and research institutes. Some breakthroughs have been made, such as Shenyang Xinsong.
"China has shortcomings in cutting-edge intelligent technology, key components, standardization system construction, and practical application of technology. It lacks the atmosphere of innovation and creation, and lacks the support of relevant service systems, which makes it difficult to transform high-end." Look at it.
According to Wang Tao's analysis, the three core components constrain the main bottleneck of the Chinese robot industry, accounting for 70% of the robot cost. It is reported that the robot controller is equivalent to the human brain, issuing and transmitting action instructions. Including hardware and software, the hardware is the industrial control board, including some main control unit, signal processing part and other circuits, domestic brands have mastered; software part is mainly control algorithm, secondary development, etc., domestic brands in stability, response There are still gaps in speed and ease of use. The use of servo motors as actuators in robots is a major factor affecting the performance of robots. According to public information, in 2014, among the TOP15 manufacturers in the servo system market, the top three were Japanese brands with a total share of 45%. European brands such as Siemens, Bosch and Schneider occupy high-end, with an overall market share of around 30%. The overall share of domestic companies is less than 10%.
Wang Tao introduced that the robot reducer market is highly monopolized, and the domestically produced reducer cannot achieve full import substitution. RV reducers are purely mechanical precision components, materials, heat treatment processes and high precision machining machines are indispensable. China has long been lagging behind in these aspects, and it is not something that can be solved by a single enterprise alone.
In fact, whether it is the backwardness of the core technology of the robot, the imperfection of the industrial chain, or the lack of experience, these may take time to temper.
Luo Gaozhan suggested that the sound of the system is the key. Artificial intelligence technology needs the joint promotion of the state and enterprises to enhance R&D technology, reduce product costs and expand the scope of use.
“The state can give preferential treatment to policies and promote the upgrading of industry technology through subsidies and tax exemptions. In the development of the industry, it will guide industrial advantages to gather large enterprises, increase industry concentration, and thus change the number of enterprises in the industry today. The pattern will increase the competitiveness of the enterprise industry." Luo Gaozhan said.
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