“Machine substitution†promotes structural changes in employment, and the shortage of digital, intelligent, and automated technology talents will intensify –
"Machine substitution" is inseparable from people!
Expert analysis, engineers with programming, installation, operation, maintenance and other application equipment technology are hot jobs in the future intelligent manufacturing industry.
In the large workshop, the long and narrow production line, there are no workers standing side by side, replaced by tall robotic arms, "they" are uniform, high-speed operation, busy on the assembly line, no mistakes - such a scene Many factories have become a reality.
At the end of 2012, in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other provinces, robots replaced workers quietly. Later, with the introduction of supportive policies around the country, a large number of manufacturing companies began to intelligently and automatically upgrade their equipment, and the wave of “machine substitution†began to rise. This trend is also causing concern among the employment group: The era of “machine substitution†will cause an employment crisis?
On January 19th, the China Institute of Labor Relations released the "Report on the Status of Chinese Employees (2018)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Research Report"), which conducted in-depth research on Beijing manufacturing enterprises. The survey found that the artificial intelligence technology will further promote the negative impact of “machine substitution†on employment, especially white-collar workers with certain professional skills. At the same time, however, “machine substitution†is driving structural changes in employment, and the shortage of digital, intelligent and automated technology talents will be further aggravated.
Why do companies favor "robots"?
What effect does “machine substitution†have on employment? Which positions are vulnerable to “machine substitution� Does “machine substitution†help to improve the quality of employment? With these questions, the Research Report team conducted a typical survey of six companies in Beijing.
The company selected by the research group covers six types of manufacturing enterprises, including printing, medical equipment, automobiles, beer, furniture, and petrochemical products. The company's nature includes state-owned, private, joint venture, and foreign-funded enterprises, including Fortune 500 companies and domestic industries. Leading companies or fast-growing industry rookies.
The survey found that most of the companies were replaced by 100 to 200 people during the process of intelligent transformation and automatic upgrade. Among them, state-owned enterprises consider taking social responsibility factors, most of them adopt natural attrition, retreat, transfer, and post to solve the employment problem of the replaced employees, while private, joint ventures and foreign-funded enterprises choose to negotiate to terminate the labor contract.
The "Research Report" shows that enterprises have three reasons for choosing "machine substitution": difficulty in recruiting workers; reducing labor intensity, improving labor conditions; reducing costs, improving efficiency, and enhancing market competitiveness.
Take the printing enterprise as an example, it is labor-intensive, labor-intensive, and has a long working time. Many employees work more than 10 hours a day, and wages are imposed on a daily basis. Therefore, after the 90s, young people are seldom willing to enter this industry. Enterprises have long faced the pressure of recruiting workers and increasing the cost of recruitment. To this end, the company ultimately chose to purchase digital, automated equipment instead of labor.
“Now the working conditions of the factory have been greatly improved, and there is hardly any heavy work.†For companies engaged in beer production and petrochemical manufacturing, the main reason for “machine substitution†is to reduce the labor intensity and occupational injuries of employees. For example, beer manufacturing enterprises adopt highly automated equipment, which reduces the labor intensity of washing, filling and code boxes, and reduces the risk of eye diseases caused by the sommelier through the wine measuring machine.
"Machine substitution" intensifies "employment polarization"
“The 'substitution of machines' is not simply to replace people, but to replace them with higher-level employees.†The research team believes.
Zhang Yanhua, a member of the research team and associate professor of the Department of Labor Relations at the China Institute of Labor Relations, noted that the main impact of “machine substitution†is procedural work, which is the most serious substitute for intermediate skill personnel, and low-skilled for highly skilled personnel and non-procedural. The demand for personnel has increased. “In fact, this 'employment polarization phenomenon' has emerged in the labor market in many countries.â€
“The positions that are easily replaced by technological advancement have two characteristics: one is low knowledge and low skill requirements; the other is highly programmed, highly repetitive and highly standardized. The Research Report shows that intelligent, automated, digital technology pairs The main positions in which labor force employment has an impact include both a line of operators and professional and technical positions.
Although the six researched companies are engaged in different industries, they almost all expressed the same strong desire: high-skilled talents are in great demand, but they cannot recruit people.
Related reports also show that many automated manufacturing companies have introduced industrial robotic equipment, but because they can't hire industrial robot engineers to operate, program, and maintain, they have to leave the robots in the factory. Some experts have analyzed that application engineers with a series of application equipment technologies such as programming, installation, operation and maintenance are hot jobs in the smart manufacturing industry in the future.
This trend was confirmed in the 2018 Future Employment Report published by the Davos Forum in the summer of 2018. The report shows that the development of automation technology and smart technology will replace 75 million jobs. But as the company re-plans the division of labor between machines and humans, another 133 million new jobs will emerge.
"From the micro survey, the current 'machine substitution' has not caused large-scale employee unemployment, but technical unemployment, the problem of mismatch between the quality of employees and job requirements will become increasingly prominent." Zhang Yanhua said that a new round of technological innovation has produced on the labor market. A significant structural impact, on the one hand, the ordinary labor force in the enterprise is constantly replaced by intelligent, digital, automated equipment and robots, on the other hand, advanced innovative skills talents are not accepted.
How to eliminate the "machine substitution" panic disorder
“The scarcity of highly skilled workers has become one of the biggest problems in the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry.†The research team believes that the scale of “machine substitution†will increase rapidly in the future, but intelligent technology creates new departments and new industries. There is a certain lag in the new occupation, and it takes a long time for the high-quality staff to adapt to the new technology.
"The impact of 'machine substitution' on employee employment requires government departments and education and training departments to take countermeasures as soon as possible." In this regard, the "Research Report" put forward four suggestions: improve the public employment service system, promote labor employment; attract private enterprises Enter the vocational and technical training market, improve the effect of vocational skills training; improve the social security system, strengthen the responsibilities of unemployment insurance, reduce the impact of technical unemployment on workers; establish and improve the school-enterprise integration mechanism to improve the quality of the workforce.
The research team believes that the human resources and social security departments can improve the service functions from three aspects. Including the improvement of market supply and demand information for artificial intelligence, digital, robot and other technology-related jobs; improve vocational guidance and consulting services, help workers who are replaced by machines to successfully re-employment, and carry out career development planning for employees with higher intelligence skills; Through the research on the technical needs of the post in the field of manufacturing artificial intelligence, training for urgently needed skills.
"It is a fundamental policy to deal with the impact of technological upgrading on employment and improve the quality of the labor force." The Research Report pointed out that improving the quality of the labor force requires effective cooperation between enterprises and vocational colleges and institutions. It is recommended to attract private enterprises to enter the vocational and technical training market, and establish a communication and cooperation mechanism between enterprises and vocational colleges, and broaden the cooperation space in terms of professional and curriculum, teacher-study training, and vocational college students' internship training. “Strengthen the 'existence of the company' in the cultivation of highly skilled personnel.â€
Home Elevator,Household Elevator,Home Lifts,Elevator Home Residential
APSL ELEVATOR TECHNOLOGY(SUZHOU) CO.,LTD. , https://www.fujiapsl.com