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Lithium-ion batteries are amazing. In the past few decades, it has changed our relationship with technology and brought us from desktops and laptops to smart phones and smart watches. The problem is that lithium-ion batteries have one drawback, and sometimes they explode.
Because of this, engineers all over the world are studying to see if there is a safer battery that can replace lithium-ion batteries. Replacement of aluminum with magnesium is a good choice, but from previous records, magnesium batteries store limited electrical energy.
Yan Yao, an associate professor of computer engineering at the University of Houston, believes that he has made some breakthroughs that can significantly increase the efficiency of magnesium batteries. Yao Yan said: "We will combine the nanostructured negative electrode with a new magnesium electrolyte."
In the past few years, he has been studying how to speed up the movement of magnesium ions. The faster the magnesium ions move, the higher the efficiency. At the same time, he redesigned the negative electrode to enhance performance.
As early as 2014, Yao Yan and Hyun Deog Yoo, a postdoctoral fellow, had a preliminary idea. The project lasted for several years. Scientists from 3 universities and 3 national laboratories participated in the experiment. They continued to experiment and build theory.
Developing a battery involves the embedding of a guest in a host lattice. Yao Yan said: “Magnesium ions are difficult to embed into the host lattice. First, it is very difficult to break the magnesium-chloride relationship. Not only that, magnesium ions move very slowly inside the host lattice. These factors lead to magnesium. The efficiency of the battery is low."
New batteries insert magnesium chloride into the host lattice, such as titanium disulfide. Yao Yan said that this design allows magnesium and chloride to stick together without separation. As a result, it has been found that the speed of cathode transmission is faster than that of conventional magnesium batteries.
The results show that the new magnesium battery can store 400 milliamperes of electricity per gram, and the previous magnesium battery can only store 100 milliamperes. The conventional lithium-ion battery has a negative electrode capacity of approximately 200 mA per gram.
The problem is that the voltage of the magnesium battery cannot be compared with the lithium ion battery, the output voltage is only 1 volt, and the lithium ion battery is about 3-4 volts.
Why is lithium ion battery so popular? Because of its high voltage, the energy density is high. However, lithium is expensive and may leak inside, causing the battery to catch fire. Magnesium batteries have their own advantages. For example, the reserves of magnesium on the earth are richer than that of lithium, so the cost is lower. Also, lithium batteries can catch fire and there is no such problem with magnesium batteries. Looking for a better negative electrode and finding a more efficient electrolyte is the key to magnesium battery research.
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