Since the beginning of this year, the precipitation in Gansu Province has been relatively small. In March and April, precipitation in most parts of Gansu Province was less than 40% to 90%. Since late May, the temperature in Gansu Province has risen rapidly and soil loss has increased. Silver, Dingxi, Lanzhou and Qing In Yang and other places, even rare autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons have caused drought, which has seriously affected the agricultural production in Gansu Province. As of mid-June, the province's crops suffered a drought-affected area of ​​9.7 million mu and a heavy drought of 3.68 million mu. In order to reduce the drought losses, the people in the arid areas should rush to plant and replant crops in a timely manner. At present, for the plots of spring wheat, flax and other plots that have not been harvested due to drought in some areas and those that cannot be planted in the spring drought, the crops should be replanted in time, and the crops should be replanted, mainly in millet, hazelnut, buckwheat, beans, etc. Mainly used in cereals. In areas with vegetable cultivation habits, some short-growing vegetables can be planted, and areas with well-developed cultures can be combined with aquaculture to replant some forage crops or green manure, such as multiple crops of rapeseed and arrow peas. Autumn crops such as potatoes and corn are weak due to drought, and areas with severe drought can be artificially spotted in combination with rainwater harvesting to ease drought. At the same time, field management should be strengthened to promote the transformation and upgrading of seedlings.
I. Drought management technology in the middle and late stages of corn
1. cultivating soil and removing tillers
After the jointing stage, the corn grows rapidly. It is necessary to remove the weeds in time, cultivate the soil and remove the tillers, thereby reducing nutrient consumption. The cultivating soil is to thicken the soil layer of the roots to form a high ridge of about 20 cm to prevent the wind and rain from causing the corn to fall.
2. Top dressing
Corn topdressing should be pursued by the field and the seedling science. First, in the jointing stage, the "tapping fertilizer" is applied to ensure that the plants are robust and promote the differentiation of the ears. Generally, about 10 to 15 kg of urea is applied per mu. The second is to re-apply the "splashing fertilizer" during the big trumpet period to promote the multi-grain of the ear, and generally apply 30 kg of urea per mu. The third is the filling period, using foliar topdressing method, spraying with 1% to 2% urea solution or 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to prolong the function of the leaf and promote the grouting. Fields with severe de-fertilization can increase the number of leaf sprays and supplement fertilizers.
3. Pest control
1 Aphid is sprayed with 40% omethoate EC 1000 solution or 50% anti-Converse WP.
2 size spot disease with 75% chlorothalonil WP 800 times solution or 50% carbendazim 500 to 1000 times solution, 50% thiophanate-methyl WP 500-800 times solution, spray every 7 days or so Times, even 2 to 3 times.
3 smut is sprayed with 50% carbendazim or 5% thiram before the corn is squirted, and it can effectively reduce the disease by preventing and treating 1 or 2 times. It was found that the diseased plants should be pulled out in time and brought to the field for deep burial treatment.
4 rust with 65% Dyson zinc 500 times solution or 25% triazolone wettable powder 1000 ~ 1500 times solution, 7 to 10 days spray once, even spray 2 to 3 times.
5 corn glutinous rice, corn heart granules control 1% 1605 granules, 1.5 ~ 2 grams per plant, sprinkle into the heart bell mouth or 5% methyl isothiophos granules 1:6 mix cinder, each 2 grams of strain, sprinkled into the heart leaf.
6 When the red spider occurs, it is sprayed 2-3 times with 0.2% Avicola emulsifiable concentrate 2500 times solution or 1.8% ginseng gram emulsion 3,000 times solution.
4. Timely late harvest when the corn milk line disappears or the leaves are dry and the ears are drooping when harvested.
Second, the potato drought management technology in the middle and late stages
1. Soil and topdressing
In the bud stage, the potato is cultivating and cultivating the soil, combined with the soil and cultivating urea 8 to 10 kg, and timely removing the flower buds to save nutrients for tuber swelling. Potatoes are more sensitive to potassium fertilizer, and foliar topdressing is carried out with 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during flowering or potato production.
2. Pest control
1 The control of aphids is controlled by 40% dimethoate or 5% anti-Pulcan WP, 10% imiprofen WP, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable leaf spray.
2 The prevention and treatment of early and late blight of potato can be prevented by using 70% mancozeb WP 500-600 times liquid. After the onset, 58% of Baodasen WP can be used for 100-120 grams of water and 40-50 kg of leaf spray. Or use 64% anti-virus 矾 500 times solution, 40% ethyl phosphorus aluminum manganese zinc control, once every 7 days, and prevent 2 to 3 times.
3. Harvesting the ripe potato should be harvested early, drying and sweating after harvesting, removing the damaged potato and rotten potato, and storing it in the sputum.
According to the survey, the vast majority of drought-stricken plots in Gansu Province are traditionally cultivated in open fields, while the whole-film-covered plots, corn, potato and other crops are obviously better than open fields, showing superior drought resistance and yield-increasing capacity. The effect of scientific and technological drought resistance and active drought resistance is highlighted. Therefore, it is recommended that farmers in the dry farming areas should increase the application of new techniques of drought-resistant cultivation, such as corn full-film double-furrow sowing technology, potato full-film ridge-planting technology, and wheat full-film-covering and seeding, so as to plan ahead, actively resist drought, and strive for stable grain production. high yield.
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