China's ferroalloy industry has grown up with the development of the steel industry. Before the liberation, there were only a few trials and a small amount of ferroalloy products. After the founding of New China; with the construction and transformation of a number of ferroalloy backbone enterprises, by 1979 China's ferroalloy production suddenly exceeded 1 million tons, reaching 1.163 million tons, and the country's ferroalloy supply shortage situation was alleviated.
After the reform and opening up, with the growth of demand for ferroalloy products in Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia - China's ferroalloys began to enter the international market while meeting the domestic market demand. In the late 1990s, due to the continuous expansion of foreign trade and the increasing demand in the domestic market, the development of China's ferroalloy industry entered the “fast laneâ€. Several key ferroalloy enterprises were completed, expanded and built, and private iron alloy enterprises springed up. Rapid development, ferroalloy production capacity has doubled. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, China has become the world's largest producer and exporter of ferroalloys, and has a pivotal position in the world's ferroalloy industry.
Development Overview
The variety is complete, which can basically meet the development needs of China's steel industry. China's ferroalloy products are relatively complete in variety. In addition to the production technology of a few excellent grade special varieties, the production technology is still not mature, and almost all deoxidizers, alloying agents, inoculants, powders and various core products can be produced. Meet the production needs of China's steel industry.
Production and exports have grown simultaneously. From 2003 to 2007, China's ferroalloy production increased rapidly, about 10 percentage points faster than the average annual growth rate of crude steel. The oversupply of domestic ferroalloy products prompted the export of ferroalloy products to increase. Since the export of ferroalloy products in 1981, the export volume has increased year by year. In 1994, the export volume was close to one million tons. From 1995 to 2002, there was a slight ups and downs, with an average annual export of 1,247,400 tons. From 2003 to 2007, exports have been increasing. The average export was 2,226,300 tons.
Major problem
China's ferroalloy industry has achieved fruitful results from scratch, from small to large, from weak to strong, but it still has a big gap with the ferroalloy industry powerhouse, mainly in the following four aspects:
The development of production enterprises is uneven. China's ferroalloy enterprises are numerous in number, scattered in layout, and uneven in quality. The number of ore furnaces above 25,000 dry volt-ampere only accounts for 0.81% of the total number of mines in the country; the number of enterprises with a production capacity of over 100,000 tons only accounts for 1.8% of the total, and the production capacity The number of enterprises below 10,000 tons accounted for 50.1% of the total. This has led to the formation of a benign competitive environment in China's ferroalloy industry, which has constrained the healthy and orderly development of the industry.
Technological progress and innovation are slow. In the process of the development and expansion of the ferroalloy industry, China has invested in the construction of a number of large-scale ferroalloy enterprises. However, due to heavy burdens and insufficient funds, the company is unable to carry out technological innovation and develops slowly; the new ferroalloy enterprises are weak in technical strength, and most of them do not use advanced technology. Lead to low level of process equipment in the whole industry, slow progress in technology and innovation.
There are few high-grade varieties, high energy consumption and material consumption, and low labor productivity. China's ferroalloy varieties can basically meet the needs of the domestic steel industry development, but pure products, nitriding products, furnace refining products, composite deoxidizers, multi-alloy agents, granulation and powder products, core products and other scientific and technological content and added value High product yields are low.
As the country implements the access system and gradually implements the energy conservation and emission reduction policies, the comprehensive energy consumption and material consumption of ferroalloy products are reduced, but the energy consumption and material consumption of products are high, and the comprehensive utilization of secondary energy lags far behind advanced countries.
Due to the large number of small electric furnaces in China, the process is simple, the equipment is simple and old, the mechanization and automation are low, the per capita physical labor productivity is only about 45 tons/year, and the per capita physical labor productivity in the same industry abroad is about 300 tons/year.
The ferroalloy has a large production capacity and low industrial concentration. In the process of the development and expansion of China's ferroalloy industry, some regions disregarded the level of industrial policies and technological equipment, blindly developing ferroalloy projects, and serious low-level repeated construction, resulting in a wide range of ferroalloy production enterprises, scattered layout, and low level of equipment technology.
At present, the total production capacity of China's ferroalloys has reached 34 million tons/year, and the total number of enterprises has reached more than 2,000. The average production capacity of each enterprise is only about 17,000 tons, and the output is less than 10,000 tons. According to statistics, there are only 28 ferroalloy enterprises with a capacity of over 100,000 tons in China, only 8 enterprises with a capacity of over 200,000 tons, and only 2 enterprises with a capacity of over 500,000 tons, and the production capacity is below 10,000 tons. There are nearly 1,000 enterprises, and the industry has a large production capacity and low industrial concentration.
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