A treatment plant for lake Kinneret water, comprising treatment by two filtration steps, flocculation and disinfection with chlorine dioxide, was studied with a view to evaluating the effect of ClO2 disinfection on drinking water quality and determining the optimal mode of operation for the treatment plant. Four modes of operation were studied and the optimal mode was defined as that in which the flocculant (aluminium sulphate) was introduced before the first, and ClO2 after the second, filtration. The finished water contained a residue of approx. 0.2 mgl−1 ClO2, approx. 0.35 mgl−1ClO2− and low concentrations of suspended matter (1.5 mgl−1) and of chlorophyll (0.1 μgl−1). Trihalomethane concentrations were negligible, and the bacteriological quality of the water was within the health authorities' requirements. It was shown that disinfection of treated water (after flocculation and filtration) was much more effective than that of raw water. Furthermore, disinfection in the optimal mode prevents accumulation of high chlorite concentrations leaving a residue of ClO2.
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