Many people think that frostbite is caused by cold weather. In fact, this reason is only one of them. Another reason is that the grape itself is not strong enough. Today, Xiaobian will share with you how to prevent grape frost damage?
In the same piece of land, in the same temperature, some people's grapes are frostbitten, while others are safe and sound. The 30-acre grape variety demonstration park that I planted in 2000, although it is a small tree, is not cold-resistant, but it has not caused freezing damage. The most important thing is that I have adopted a relatively complete set of measures to prevent cold, as described below.
1 Repeated topping grape new shoots have strong growth ability. If you don't pick the heart, you can grow indefinitely until autumn, such new shoots are not full, and they are not resistant to freezing. It is not only for anti-freezing, but also for the high yield of the next year. It is necessary to pick up the new shoots of the grapes in time and repeat the toppings. Simply put, when the new shoot grows to 7-8 leaves, the heart is topped, the secondary shoots are reserved, the 5--6 leaves are topped, the secondary shoots on the secondary shoots are left, and the 3--5 leaves are repeatedly topped. The new shoots cultured after repeated topping, the leaves are large and thick, the buds are full, the branches are well matured, and the results are not only strong in the following year, but also extremely resistant to freezing.
2 Reasonable load Some fruit growers who have just planted grapes always think that the higher the yield, the better. In fact, if the grape load is too heavy, not only will the quality be lowered, but the price will not be sold, and the new shoots will be immature or mature, thin and empty, and extremely cold-resistant. Generally speaking, the brewing variety is 2500--3000 kg per mu; the fresh-growing grape is suitable for 1700-2000 kg. The soil fertility is rich in water and fertilizer, which can be discretionary, and vice versa.
3 Scientific fertilization has expert evidence that the ratio of grapes to pure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:1:50:1. This view is recognized by most fruit farmers. Some fruit farmers are more inclined to nitrogen fertilizer in fertilizer use, which is the cause of poor maturity of new shoots and easy to suffer from freezing damage. Generally speaking, no matter the seedlings or the result garden planted in the same year, the nitrogen should be mainly used in the early stage of growth, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied in the middle stage, and phosphorus and potassium should be mainly in the later stage.
4 Prevention and control of pests and diseases seriously affect the maturity and quality of new shoots, especially downy mildew. In recent years, the disease is rapidly and seriously endangered. Grapes endangered by this disease are extremely vulnerable to freezing damage. New shoots affected by insects, especially those that are endangered by grape scorpions, or die that year, are not extremely cold-resistant. For pests and diseases, it is necessary to take precautions and comprehensive prevention and control, and according to the law of the occurrence of insect pests, appropriate insecticides should be added when spraying bactericidal drugs. Pay attention to grape downy mildew, in summer and autumn, low temperature and high temperature, The average daily temperature is around 13 °C, and the air humidity is about 90%. At this point, you can spray 1:1:180 times Bordeaux mixture, or spray 80% Ethylene Phosphate 400 times solution, or spray 78% of Cobo 600 times solution. If this disease has occurred, spray 78% Cobo 600--800 times liquid plus 80% ethyl phosphorus aluminum 500--600 times solution.
5 Pouring the water before winter is the key to antifreeze. Before the wintering of the land, combine the ditch and apply the base fertilizer, and pour the water through the water. After the soil is loose, deep tillage and protection.
6 Cold-resistant exercise grapes can only withstand temperatures above 0 °C during the growth of new shoots, while in the dormant period, their shoots, northeast mountain grapes can withstand 40 °C, Eurasian species can withstand 18--20 °C, European and American hybrids can withstand one 20--22 ° C, during which the grape plant itself has a series of physiological changes, this change is to resist low temperature, anti-freezing. This series of changes is carried out after the leaves have entered the dormant period. Therefore, after the grape enters the dormant period, it is necessary to let it exercise naturally.
7 Buried cold-growing soils need to be buried in cold weather. The best season is about ten days before the land is frozen. The grapes have a certain amount of cooling capacity to be carried out later. In the spring of the second year, when the weather does not happen to frost again, remove the cold-proof soil. Bauxite is too early, it is easy to freeze the branches and shoots when the cold current occurs, and the grapes are smashed in the soil and there is no hindrance. According to the above 7 strips against the cold of the grapes, there is generally no freezing damage.
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