The porcelain of the Republic of China was the general name for porcelain that was burned during the period from 1911 to 1949. In these 38 years, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi is still the center of China's porcelain making. After the founding of the Republic of China, the Jingdezhen Royal Kiln Factory, which was specially designed for the royal family to burn porcelain, was closed. In order to make a living, some master craftsmen who made porcelain were scattered to the private sector. Under the background of the depression of the industry and the prosperity of the antiques industry, it was the porcelain industry of China. Development has contributed. Although the Republic of China is less than 40 years old, the porcelain production represented by Jingdezhen is almost all over the country, and a large number of porcelains of different styles are burned. Among them, Hongxian porcelain, new pastel porcelain, antique porcelain and some porcelains of the book hall are more delicate. .
In the early years of the Republic of China, there was no shortage of fine porcelain in Jingdezhen, and Hongxian porcelain was even more dazzling. It was called the official kiln porcelain of this period. Yuan Shikai, in order to restore the need for imperial activities, ordered Guo Yuchang to supervise the Taobao Department and went to Jingdezhen to burn royal porcelain. When Guo Yuchang went to Jingdezhen, Yuan Shikai had not yet called the emperor. At first, he used the title of Yuan Shikai’s residence in Zhongnanhai, Jurentang, to burn the porcelain of “Jurentang Systemâ€.
Ju Rentang is the Haitang Hall built by the Empress Dowager Cixi in the Qing Dynasty. "Jurentang" porcelain is a master of the Qing Dynasty imperial kiln factory, which is led by the famous ceramics gnome, and is made up of the finest pastels and enamels of Yongzheng and Qianlong. porcelain. At the same time, Guo Yuchang used his powers in Jingdezhen to burn some similar devices for himself. These porcelains and the "Gurentang system" works are collectively referred to as "Hong Xian Porcelain". The tires are white and moist, the paintings are delicate, the colors are light, and the exquisite and light.
Among the handed down Hongxian porcelains that can be seen in the book, there are the books of the "Hongxian Year System" and "Hongxian Imperial System". They are all the antiques market in the Republic of China. In order to cater to the collectors, some porcelain merchants The high artisans burned out, mainly the works of pastels, enamel bowls, plates, bottles, some are very beautiful, some are very poor. Because according to Guo Yichang himself, he did not burn porcelain with "Hong Xian". At that time, Yuan Shikai claimed that the emperor had only 83 days in total. The national anti-Yuan trend was flourishing. Guo Xiaochang had no time to burn the porcelain of the Hongjun in the distant Jingdezhen. The imperial regime had been rushed by the huge revolutionary torrent.
The new pastel porcelain is a highlight in the porcelain of the Republic of China. His painters are all craftsmen, who are known for their work, and their works are pretty and pretty, which is more in line with the public's appreciation habits. On the basis of tradition, the new pastels have brought the best of books, paintings, poems and texts. Compared with traditional pastels, they absorb the techniques of modern painting in terms of shape, lines, colors, brilliance and artistic conception. The perfect combination of "porcelain" and "painting". The flourishing period of the new pastel was between 1912 and 1940, and it was represented by the first generation of new pastel artists Pan Yuyu and Wang Xiaoyu. In the early years of the Republic of China, Pan Yuyu was a picture instructor at the Jiangxi Provincial Class A Kiln School. Wang Xiaolan once painted Hong Xian porcelain for Yuan Shikai, and Pan Yuyu was the new pastel master of the early years of the Republic of China. The second generation of new pastel artists is "The Eight Friends of Zhushan."
Zhushan is a small hill in the center of Jingdezhen, which is the location of Qianqing Royal Kiln. In 1928, porcelain plate painting became popular. In order to facilitate the ordering, eight artists were invited by Wang Qi to set up a monthly meeting called “Zhushan Eight Friendsâ€. A total of 10 artists participated in the exhibition, including Wang Qi and Wang Dafan. Cheng Yiting, Wang Yeting, He Xuren, Xu Zhongnan, Deng Bishan, Tian Hexian, Bi Botao and Liu Yuqi.
The third generation of new pastel artists were active in the 1930s, and some were still in the works of the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them were masters of Zhushan, including Fang Yunfeng, Liu Xiren, Wan Yunyan, Wang Xiaoting, Zhang Peixuan, Wang Xiliang and others. These generations of painters use porcelain as paper, and the subjects include landscapes, figures, flowers, etc. The brushwork, ink rhyme, and color are extremely subtle. Together with the title and seal, they form a complete painting, which happened to be a popular painting of famous porcelain masters. Therefore, a group of works with very strong artistic personality were left, and some of the works even exceeded the price of the official kiln porcelain in the Qing Dynasty.
Various antique porcelains are another highlight of this period. In order to meet the needs of the market, Jingdezhen's antique porcelain is very rare. The antique porcelain is not only a large number, but also a wide range. From the celadon of the Three Kingdoms, the Two Jin Dynasty, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the white porcelain of the Tang, the Five Dynasties, to the Song Dynasty, the official, Brother, Ding, Yu Kiln Porcelain, as well as the blue, colorful, colorful, pastel, enamel and monochrome glazed porcelain of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, among which the painted porcelain of the Qing dynasty and the Qianlong dynasty are the most popular imitations. Object.
Because there is no official restriction, many porcelains in the antique porcelain of the Republic of China are written in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and some of them are vividly written, and they are not clearly distinguished. Generally, they cannot be seen. Many museums in the world regard these imitations of the Republic of China as the official kiln porcelain of the Qing Dynasty, which inadvertently raised the grade of the Republic of China. In addition, the porcelain of the “Jingyuantang System†was custom-made for Xu Shichang, which is specially designed to imitate the fine features of the glazed surface of the Yongzheng porcelain in the Qing Dynasty. Its style is generally the same as that of the “Ju Ren Tangâ€. The "Yanqing Building" section of the company is a porcelain that was burned by Cao Yu. It is named after the Yanqing Building in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.
As the entire art market has gone all the way, the Republic of China porcelain has also shown a strong position in recent years of auctions, and it has been increasingly valued by domestic collectors, even surpassing the fine porcelain of the late Qing Dynasty official kiln. The reason why the porcelain products of the Republic of China are gradually optimistic is that it is no less than the porcelain wares of the late Qing dynasty in terms of firing technology, pattern design and painting techniques. In addition, the Republic of China is only a hundred years old, and there are many imitations. It can also be compared with the official kiln of the Qing Dynasty, which has expanded the space for the collection and appreciation of the Republic of China.
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