The data shows that in 2009, the national energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 2.2%, and the total amount of chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions decreased compared with 2008. The total amount of sulfur dioxide emissions was 22.144 million tons, achieving the “Eleventh Five-Year†emission reduction target ahead of schedule. To achieve such good results, of course, it is due to the continuous increase in the country's macroeconomic regulation and control, the further elimination of backward production capacity, and the strengthening of corporate energy conservation management and technological transformation. However, China's technological processes are still relatively backward, and environmental pollution is relatively serious. In particular, local governments have put in a lot of high-energy-consumption and high-emission large-scale projects to ensure GDP, and their production capacity will be released one after another. Energy conservation and emission reduction work is not optimistic.
There is an internationally accepted environmental assessment indicator, the environmental Kuznets curve, which is the simulation of the evolution of per capita income and environmental pollution indicators, indicating the impact of economic development on the degree of environmental pollution. When the environmental Kuznets curve is inverted U-shaped, it indicates that when a country's economic development level is low, environmental pollution is also light, but it will gradually deteriorate with economic growth; when the country's economy develops further, environmental quality Will gradually improve. Developed countries can achieve inverted U-shaped curves. Of course, they are related to vigorously promoting clean production and implementing demanding emission policies. But the more important reason is that developed countries have transferred high-energy and high-pollution industries to developing countries. In other words, the total resource consumption and “three wastes†emissions of developed countries have not decreased, but they have only been transferred to developing countries.
The reason why China can become a factory in the world is that it has its own advantages in quality labor, but the more important reason is to catch up with the industrial transfer in developed countries. China's labor force is highly educated, disciplined, and rich in energy resources, but China's economic miracle is still at the expense of huge environmental pollution. China's carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and other greenhouse gases and particulate matter emissions are higher, and the unit pollution emissions are also higher than the average level of developed countries. Because China cannot transfer pollution like a developed country, China cannot take the old road of “first pollution, then governance†and can only take a new road to industrialization of energy conservation and emission reduction, but this road is full of thorns.
At present, the average energy consumption per unit of GDP in China is equivalent to three times the world average. Relevant statistics show that the energy consumption per unit of eight high-energy-consuming industries such as thermal power, steel, electrolytic aluminum, ferroalloy, coke and cement is 47% higher than the world's advanced level. For example, the average energy conversion efficiency of coal-fired power generation in the country is less than 40%, which is equivalent to more than 900 million tons of coal lost each year. Frankly speaking, if we do not vigorously improve energy efficiency and recycling efficiency, it will be very difficult to complete the “Eleventh Five-Year†energy conservation and emission reduction targets.
In today's world, steel produced from renewable resources accounts for 45% of total production, copper is 35%, aluminum is 22%, lead is 40%, and zinc is 30%. According to estimates, the value of renewable resources that can be recycled in China is about 300 billion yuan. Except for the high recovery rate of scrap steel, the recovery rate of waste plastics is 25%, the recovery rate of waste rubber is 32%, and the recovery rate of waste paper. At 35%, the recycling rate of waste glass is only 13%, the recycling rate of used mobile phones is only 1%, and the loss of resources and energy is very serious. If more than 1 ton of waste materials are recycled, it can save 4.12 tons of natural resources and save 1.4 tons of standard coal. For every ton of scrap steel, 0.85 tons of steel can be used, which is equivalent to saving 2 tons of finished iron ore and 0.4 tons of energy saving. Standard coal. In particular, under the situation that global primary resources and energy prices have soared, Chinese enterprises have strengthened their energy utilization and recycling, which is one stone and two birds. Not only can it significantly reduce costs, but it can also save energy and reduce emissions.
In addition, Chinese companies should also vigorously develop remanufactured products. In a machine, because the service life of each component is not equal, the service life of each working surface of each part is not equal, and the whole machine is often scrapped due to partial surface failure. Remanufacturing is the repair and modification of these damaged or scrapped parts, using high-tech cleaning and repair technology and new materials and new processes, so that the remanufactured products can reach the standards of the original similar products in terms of technical performance and safety quality. Claim. Practices at home and abroad have shown that the cost of remanufactured products is only one-fourth or even one-third of the cost of new products, energy conservation is over 60%, and material consumption is over 70%. This is far lower than the world average for China's per capita resources and energy. For large countries with serious environmental pollution, it has special significance.
There is an internationally accepted environmental assessment indicator, the environmental Kuznets curve, which is the simulation of the evolution of per capita income and environmental pollution indicators, indicating the impact of economic development on the degree of environmental pollution. When the environmental Kuznets curve is inverted U-shaped, it indicates that when a country's economic development level is low, environmental pollution is also light, but it will gradually deteriorate with economic growth; when the country's economy develops further, environmental quality Will gradually improve. Developed countries can achieve inverted U-shaped curves. Of course, they are related to vigorously promoting clean production and implementing demanding emission policies. But the more important reason is that developed countries have transferred high-energy and high-pollution industries to developing countries. In other words, the total resource consumption and “three wastes†emissions of developed countries have not decreased, but they have only been transferred to developing countries.
The reason why China can become a factory in the world is that it has its own advantages in quality labor, but the more important reason is to catch up with the industrial transfer in developed countries. China's labor force is highly educated, disciplined, and rich in energy resources, but China's economic miracle is still at the expense of huge environmental pollution. China's carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and other greenhouse gases and particulate matter emissions are higher, and the unit pollution emissions are also higher than the average level of developed countries. Because China cannot transfer pollution like a developed country, China cannot take the old road of “first pollution, then governance†and can only take a new road to industrialization of energy conservation and emission reduction, but this road is full of thorns.
At present, the average energy consumption per unit of GDP in China is equivalent to three times the world average. Relevant statistics show that the energy consumption per unit of eight high-energy-consuming industries such as thermal power, steel, electrolytic aluminum, ferroalloy, coke and cement is 47% higher than the world's advanced level. For example, the average energy conversion efficiency of coal-fired power generation in the country is less than 40%, which is equivalent to more than 900 million tons of coal lost each year. Frankly speaking, if we do not vigorously improve energy efficiency and recycling efficiency, it will be very difficult to complete the “Eleventh Five-Year†energy conservation and emission reduction targets.
In today's world, steel produced from renewable resources accounts for 45% of total production, copper is 35%, aluminum is 22%, lead is 40%, and zinc is 30%. According to estimates, the value of renewable resources that can be recycled in China is about 300 billion yuan. Except for the high recovery rate of scrap steel, the recovery rate of waste plastics is 25%, the recovery rate of waste rubber is 32%, and the recovery rate of waste paper. At 35%, the recycling rate of waste glass is only 13%, the recycling rate of used mobile phones is only 1%, and the loss of resources and energy is very serious. If more than 1 ton of waste materials are recycled, it can save 4.12 tons of natural resources and save 1.4 tons of standard coal. For every ton of scrap steel, 0.85 tons of steel can be used, which is equivalent to saving 2 tons of finished iron ore and 0.4 tons of energy saving. Standard coal. In particular, under the situation that global primary resources and energy prices have soared, Chinese enterprises have strengthened their energy utilization and recycling, which is one stone and two birds. Not only can it significantly reduce costs, but it can also save energy and reduce emissions.
In addition, Chinese companies should also vigorously develop remanufactured products. In a machine, because the service life of each component is not equal, the service life of each working surface of each part is not equal, and the whole machine is often scrapped due to partial surface failure. Remanufacturing is the repair and modification of these damaged or scrapped parts, using high-tech cleaning and repair technology and new materials and new processes, so that the remanufactured products can reach the standards of the original similar products in terms of technical performance and safety quality. Claim. Practices at home and abroad have shown that the cost of remanufactured products is only one-fourth or even one-third of the cost of new products, energy conservation is over 60%, and material consumption is over 70%. This is far lower than the world average for China's per capita resources and energy. For large countries with serious environmental pollution, it has special significance.
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